Rodent models for compulsive alcohol intake.
Rodent models for compulsive alcohol intake.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.03.001
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lesscher HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hopf FW;Lesscher HM
尽管有不利的法律的、健康、经济和社会后果，但持续寻求和饮酒是人类酒精使用障碍的中心标志。这种对酒精的强迫性冲动，定义为对不良和有害后果的抵抗，在临床上试图治疗酒精中毒时是一个重大挑战。因此，长期以来一直有兴趣开发临床前啮齿动物模型的强迫性药物使用的特点，药物成瘾。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，试图在啮齿动物酒精和可卡因摄入量的强迫性方面的模型，并考虑技术和概念问题，需要解决时，试图概括人类成瘾的强迫性方面。通过将摄入或寻求与苦味剂奎宁或足电击配对，已经对厌恶性酒精摄入进行了研究，最近令人兴奋的工作使用这些模型来确定杏仁核，皮层和纹状体区域的神经适应性，这些区域促进了强迫性摄入。因此，啮齿动物模型似乎确实反映了维持人类成瘾的强迫性驱动的重要方面，并可能为厌恶性摄入的分子和电路基础以及成瘾强迫性方面的新治疗干预提供重要见解。
Continued seeking and drinking of alcohol despite adverse legal, health, economic, and societal consequences is a central hallmark of human alcohol use disorders. This compulsive drive for alcohol, defined by resistance to adverse and deleterious consequences, represents a major challenge when attempting to treat alcoholism clinically. Thus, there has long been interest in developing pre-clinical rodent models for the compulsive drug use that characterizes drug addiction. Here, we review recent studies that have attempted to model compulsive aspects of alcohol and cocaine intake in rodents, and consider technical and conceptual issues that need to be addressed when trying to recapitulate compulsive aspects of human addiction. Aversion-resistant alcohol intake has been examined by pairing intake or seeking with the bitter tastant quinine or with footshock, and exciting recent work has used these models to identify neuroadaptations in the amygdala, cortex, and striatal regions that promote compulsive intake. Thus, rodent models do seem to reflect important aspects of compulsive drives that sustain human addiction, and will likely provide critical insights into the molecular and circuit underpinnings of aversion-resistant intake as well as novel therapeutic interventions for compulsive aspects of addiction.