Safety Verification for Autonomous Ships
Safety Verification for Autonomous Ships
复制标题
自主船舶的安全验证
DOI：
10.1051/matecconf/201927302002
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lundteigen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hyungjun Kim;O. I. Haugen;B. Rokseth;M. Lundteigen
无人驾驶和无人驾驶船舶正在接近现实。与这些系统相关的几个未解决的挑战之一是如何执行安全验证。虽然这一挑战代表了一个多方面的问题，这必须在几个层次上解决，它似乎很可能是基于模拟器的测试高层次的计算机控制系统将是一个重要的技术。在可靠性验证和测试领域，设计验证是指验证系统在整个生命周期内满足指定功能的过程。任何自主船舶的基本要求都是安全的。在本文中，我们建议使用系统理论过程分析（STPA）来（i）推导自主船舶的潜在损失场景和安全要求，以防止它们发生，以及（ii）开发安全验证程序，包括测试用例，旨在验证安全性。损失情景和相关的安全要求是使用STPA得出的。为了导出安全验证程序，这些不安全场景和安全要求用于识别关键变量、验证目标、验收标准和与每个场景相关的一组适当验证活动。本文介绍了所提出的方法，并证明了它在一个案例研究。基于模拟器的测试和实际的海上试验的测试用例，自主船舶。案例研究表明，所提出的方法是可行的，作为一种方式来生成一个整体的安全验证程序的自主船舶。
Autonomous and unmanned ships are approaching reality. One of several unsolved challenges related to these systems is how to perform safety verification. Although this challenge represents a many-faceted problem, which must be addressed at several levels, it seems likely that simulatorbased testing of high-level computer control systems will be an important technique. In the field of reliability verification and testing, design verification refers to the process of verifying that specified functions are satisfied over the life of a system. A basic requirement for any autonomous ship is that it has to be safe. In this paper, we propose to use the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to (i) derive potential loss scenarios for autonomous ships and safety requirements to prevent them from occurring, and (ii) to develop a safety verification program, including test cases, intended to verify safety. Loss scenarios and associated safety requirements are derived using STPA. To derive a safety verification program, these unsafe scenarios and safety requirements are used to identify key variables, verification objectives, acceptance criteria and a set of suitable verification activities related to each scenario. The paper describes the proposed methodology and demonstrates it in a case study. Test cases for simulator-based testing and practical sea-trials are derived for autonomous ships. The case study shows that the proposed method is feasible as a way of generating a holistic safety verification program for autonomous ships.