Health effects of ambient particulate matter -: Biological mechanisms and inflammatory responses to in vitro and in vivo particle exposures
Health effects of ambient particulate matter -: Biological mechanisms and inflammatory responses to in vitro and in vivo particle exposures
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370701866313
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Schulz, Holger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maier, Konrad Ludwig;Alessandrini, Francesca;Schulz, Holger
在本文中，我们回顾和分析了不同的暴露于超细颗粒的模式，以评估颗粒诱导的炎症反应及其在体外和体内的潜在机制。基于在淹没条件下培养的单核细胞的结果，我们讨论了(1)颗粒特性（如表面积和氧化电位）对脂质代谢的影响，这是一种高度敏感的调节途径；(2)柴油尾气颗粒对toll样受体介导的炎症反应的干扰。此外，空气-液体界面暴露作为一种替代方法来模拟细胞粒子相互作用的新发展。除了体外方法外，还描述了动物暴露研究，该研究采用选定的小鼠模型来阐明颗粒暴露后潜在的过敏和炎症性肺反应以及肥大细胞相关机制。长期吸入超细颗粒物可能导致肺部结构和功能发生不可逆的变化。针对炎性气道细胞特征的临床研究是了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病潜在病理生理机制的有希望的方法。最后，人类颗粒暴露的一个潜在后果是儿童慢性咳嗽。在这里，通过免疫参数来区分哮喘和非哮喘咳嗽似乎是改善诊断和治疗的重要一步。
In this article, we review and analyze different modes of exposure to ultrafine particles in order to assess particle-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Based on results from monocytic cells cultured under submerged conditions, we discuss (1) the impact of particle properties such as surface area and oxidative potential on lipid metabolism as a highly sensitive regulatory pathway and (2) the interference of diesel exhaust particles with toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. Furthermore, new developments of air-liquid interface exposure used as an alternative approach to simulate cell particle interactions are presented. In addition to the in vitro approaches, animal exposure studies are described that apply selected mouse models to elucidate potential allergic and inflammatory pulmonary responses and mast-cell-related mechanisms after particle exposure. Long-term inhalation of ultrafine particles might lead to irreversible changes in lung structure and function. Clinical studies addressing the characteristics of inflammatory airway cells are a promising approach to understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Finally, a potential outcome of human particle exposure is chronic cough in children. Here, discrimination between asthmatic and nonasthmatic cough by means of immunological parameters appears to be an important step toward improving diagnosis and therapy.