Nitrogen losses from fertilizers applied to maize, wheat and rice in the North China Plain
Nitrogen losses from fertilizers applied to maize, wheat and rice in the North China Plain
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1021198724250
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Zhu, ZL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai, GX;Chen, DL;Zhu, ZL
研究了华北平原封丘钙质砂壤土流水土壤施氮后氨挥发、反硝化损失和总氮(N)损失（未计算N）。氨挥发采用微气象质量平衡法测定，反硝化采用乙炔抑制-土壤核心培养技术测定，总氮损失采用N-15平衡法测定。氨损失是水稻（占施氮量的30-39%）和玉米（11-48%）氮肥损失的重要途径，但对小麦（1-20%）的影响较小。未计氮肥用量依次为水稻bb0玉米bb1小麦。深埋大大减少氨挥发和总氮损失。温度、风速、太阳辐射（特别是水稻）和氮肥来源也影响氨损失的程度和模式。玉米和小麦氮肥的反硝化作用（其主要气体产物是N-2和N2O）通常不是氮肥损失的重要途径。N2O的排放量（N2O是硝化和反硝化的中间产物）与玉米和小麦的反硝化损失相当，在农艺学上对肥料N的经济影响不显著，但对环境具有重要意义。
Ammonia volatilization, denitrification loss and total nitrogen (N) loss (unaccounted-for N) have been investigated from N fertilizer applied to a calcareous sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil at Fengqiu in the North China Plain. Ammonia volatilization was measured by the micrometeorological mass balance method, denitrification by the acetylene inhibition - soil core incubation technique, and total N loss by N-15-balance technique. Ammonia loss was an important pathway of N loss from N fertilizer applied to rice (30-39% of the applied N) and maize (11-48%), but less so for wheat (1-20%). The amounts of unaccounted- for fertilizer N were in the order of rice > maize > wheat. Deep placement greatly reduced ammonia volatilization and total N loss. Temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation (particular for rice), and source of N fertilizer also affect extent and pattern of ammonia loss. Denitrification (its major gas products are N-2 and N2O) usually was not a significant pathway of N loss from N fertilizer applied to maize and wheat. The amount of N2O emission (N2O is an intermediate product from both nitrification and denitrification) was comparable to denitrification loss for maize and wheat, and it was not significant in the economy of fertilizer N in agronomical terms, but it is of great concern for the environment.