Tobacco Dependence Among Intermittent Smokers
Tobacco Dependence Among Intermittent Smokers
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/nts097
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Scholl, Sarah M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shiffman, Saul;Ferguson, Stuart G.;Scholl, Sarah M.
间歇性吸烟者（ITS）是吸烟者中越来越普遍的一部分，但尚不清楚其依赖性严重程度是否或如何在ITS中变化。参与者为217名ITS（70名从不每天吸烟的ITS [NITS]，138名转换的ITS [CITS]和9名未知），他们每月吸烟4-27天，以及197名每天吸烟者（DS），招募用于吸烟模式研究。参与者完成了依赖性问卷（清醒后第一支烟的时间，Fagerstrom尼古丁依赖测试[FTND]，尼古丁依赖综合征量表[NDSS]，威斯康星州吸烟依赖动机清单[WISDM]和尼古丁成瘾清单[HONC]），并使用生态瞬时评估记录了3周内真实的时间内的每支烟。Logistic回归评估了组间依赖性的差异（DS vs. ITS; CITS vs. NITS），最小二乘回归检验了依赖性和吸烟行为之间的关联（平均值、每日最大吸烟量;吸烟天数比例;最长戒烟时间）。正如预期，DS比ITS显著更依赖于：FTND、NDSS和WISDM以大于90%的准确度区分ITS和DS。同样，在ITS中，NITS的依赖性低于CITS。在ITS中，依赖性测量也与观察到的吸烟率和戒烟持续时间相关。研究证实，DS比ITS更依赖，CITS比NITS更依赖。重要的是，ITS表现出依赖性的特征，并且ITS内的依赖性存在有意义的变化，这表明依赖性的某些方面可能会出现非常罕见的吸烟。未来的工作应该研究ITS对日常吸烟和戒烟结果的潜在进展的影响。
Intermittent smokers (ITS) are an increasingly prevalent segment of smokers, yet it is unknown whether or how dependence severity may vary across ITS.Participants were 217 ITS (70 never daily ITS [NITS], 138 converted ITS [CITS], and 9 unknown), who smoked 4-27 days per month, and 197 daily smokers (DS), recruited for a study on smoking patterns. Participants completed questionnaires on dependence (time to first cigarette after waking, Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence [FTND], Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale [NDSS], Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives [WISDM], and Hooked on Nicotine Checklist [HONC]) and recorded each cigarette in real time over 3 weeks using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Logistic regression assessed differences in dependence between groups (DS vs. ITS; CITS vs. NITS), and least squares regression examined associations between dependence and smoking behavior (mean, maximum cigarettes per day; proportion of days smoked; longest period of abstinence) within ITS.As expected, DS were significantly more dependent than ITS: FTND, NDSS, and WISDM discriminated between ITS and DS with greater than 90% accuracy. Similarly, among ITS, NITS demonstrated lower dependence than CITS. Within ITS, dependence measures also correlated with observed smoking rate and duration of abstinence.The study confirmed that DS are more dependent than ITS and that CITS are more dependent than NITS. Importantly, ITS exhibit features of dependence, and there is meaningful variation in dependence within ITS, suggesting that some aspects of dependence may appear with very infrequent smoking. Future work should examine implications for ITS' potential progression to daily smoking and cessation outcome.