The effect of perceptual distinctiveness on the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory in young and old adults
The effect of perceptual distinctiveness on the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory in young and old adults
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DOI：
10.1037/h0087431
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Masson, MEJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, AL;Dixon, RA;Masson, MEJ
在两个实验中，研究了线索的感知独特性对预期记忆表现的影响。年轻人和老年人通过嵌入的前瞻性记忆指令完成了视觉搜索任务。在每次试验中，参与者都被要求指出目标字母在字母串中的位置，除非出现了先前被识别为预期记忆线索的两个字母中的任何一个。每个预期线索都与特定的反应相关。通过在空间上移动单个字母来操纵感知独特性。分别测量前瞻性成分（成功检测到提示）和回顾性记忆成分（回忆检测到提示时的正确反应）。线索的感知位移会调节预期成分的表现，但不会调节回顾成分的表现。与老年人相比，年轻人成功地检测到了更大比例的线索（预期成分）。然而，年龄的影响很小，并且线索移位对参与者一旦检测到线索（回顾性成分表现）回忆意图的能力没有影响。结果是在当前前瞻性记忆理论模型的背景下讨论的。
In two experiments, the effect of perceptual distinctiveness of cues on prospective memory performance was examined. Young and older adults completed a visual search task with embedded prospective memory instructions. On each trial, participants were asked to indicate the position of a target letter in a letter string, unless either of two letters previously identified as prospective memory cues was presented. Each prospective cue was associated with a specific response. Perceptual distinctiveness was manipulated by spatially displacing a single letter. The prospective component (successful detection of the cue) and the retrospective memory component (recalling the correct response when a cue is detected) were measured separately. Perceptual displacement of cues modulated performance of the prospective component but not the retrospective component. Young adults successfully detected a larger proportion of cues (prospective component) than older adults. However, there were minimal effects of age and no effect of cue displacement on participants' ability to recall the intention once they detected a cue (retrospective component performance). Results are discussed within the context of current theoretical models of prospective memory.