Immunization of Health-Care Providers: Necessity and Public Health Policies.
Immunization of Health-Care Providers: Necessity and Public Health Policies.
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DOI：
10.3390/healthcare4030047
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Poland GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maltezou HC;Poland GA
卫生保健提供者（HCP）在工作场所暴露于疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）的风险增加。对HCP进行免疫接种的理由是需要保护他们，并间接保护他们的患者免受医疗保健相关VPD的影响。已发表的证据表明，全球HCP的VPD存在显著的免疫力差距。对VPD和疫苗的知识缺乏和错误认识是疫苗接种的最常见障碍，也可能影响HCP与患者之间关于疫苗的沟通。大多数国家都有针对HCP的免疫接种建议;但是，没有普遍的政策，各国在疫苗、时间表、实施框架（建议或强制性）和HCP目标类别方面存在显著差异。对卫生保健专业人员实施了强制性流感免疫接种政策，疫苗接种率很高。为了实现高疫苗覆盖率，必须在卫生保健设施一级对卫生保健人员免疫接种提出更强有力的建议并作出承诺。鉴于对健康的重要性，应考虑对可能导致弱势患者严重发病率和死亡率的VPD采取强制性免疫接种政策。
Health-care providers (HCPs) are at increased risk for exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in the workplace. The rationale for immunization of HCPs relies on the need to protect them and, indirectly, their patients from health-care-associated VPDs. Published evidence indicates significant immunity gaps for VPDs of HCPs globally. Deficits in knowledge and false perceptions about VPDs and vaccines are the most common barriers for vaccine uptake and may also influence communication about vaccines between HCPs and their patients. Most countries have immunization recommendations for HCPs; however, there are no universal policies and significant heterogeneity exists between countries in terms of vaccines, schedules, frame of implementation (recommendation or mandatory), and target categories of HCPs. Mandatory influenza immunization policies for HCPs have been implemented with high vaccine uptake rates. Stronger recommendations for HCP immunization and commitment at the level of the health-care facility are critical in order to achieve high vaccine coverage rates. Given the importance to health, mandatory immunization policies for VPDs that can cause serious morbidity and mortality to vulnerable patients should be considered.