On the seasonal sea ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk
On the seasonal sea ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk
复制标题
鄂霍次克海季节性海冰覆盖
DOI：
10.1029/jc088ic05p02793
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Gratz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. L. Parkinson;A. Gratz
鄂霍次克海一年中有4个月没有冰，11月在一些沿海地区开始冻结，通常在3月中旬达到最大的冰覆盖范围，到6月只有少数沿海地区保留冰。光轮5号上的电扫描微波辐射计（ESMR）的卫星图像很好地记录了这一序列。四年的ESMR数据揭示了最大冰覆盖的年际变化以及生长和退缩期的平稳性。在1973 - 1976年间，1973年是冰川覆盖最大的年份，1974年是冰川边缘暂时退缩中断最多的年份。海冰分布周期的一般特征与基本海洋学因子的比较表明，冰首先在寒冷、浅、低盐度的水域形成，然后似乎向接近鄂霍次克-千岛海流系统的方向漂移。在ESMR资料中经常出现的两种基本冰缘定位模式是矩形结构和楔形结构。这些都与该地区的水深测量和已知的洋流系统密切相关，这表明对流深度和洋流在决定冰型方面起着重要作用。大气压力场的年际对比可以解释冰范围的某些主要年际变化。
Free of ice 4 months of the year, the Sea of Okhotsk begins to freeze over in a few coastal locations in November, attains its maximum ice coverage usually in mid March, and by June retains ice in only a few coastal regions. This sequence is well recorded by satellite imagery from the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) on board Nimbus 5. Four years of ESMR data reveal significant interannual variations in the maximum ice cover and in the smoothness of the growth and retreat periods. Of the years 1973–1976, the heaviest ice cover occurred in 1973, and the growth period most interrupted by temporary ice edge retreats was in 1974. Comparison of the general features of the cycle of sea ice distribution with basic oceanographic factors shows that ice forms first in cold, shallow, low-salinity waters and then seems to drift in a direction approximating the Okhotsk-Kuril current system. Two basic patterns of ice edge positioning which occur frequently in the ESMR data are identified as a rectangular structure and a wedge structure. Each of these is strongly correlated with the bathymetry of the region and with the known current system, suggesting that convective depth and ocean currents play an important role in determining ice patterns. Certain major interannual variations in the ice extents are accounted for by interannual contrasts in the atmospheric pressure fields.