Parasite spillover to native hosts from more tolerant, supershedding invasive hosts: Implications for management
Parasite spillover to native hosts from more tolerant, supershedding invasive hosts: Implications for management
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13906
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发表时间：
2021-11-14
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Rohr, Jason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ortega, Nicole;Roznik, Elizabeth A.;Rohr, Jason R.
引入宿主能够引入寄生虫物种并改变已经存在于本地宿主中的寄生虫的丰度，但很少有研究比较本地和入侵宿主对引入寄生虫的耐受性，或确定引入宿主使其成为非本地寄生虫超级脱壳者的特征。在这里，我们比较了一种原产于古巴但似乎是被引入佛罗里达的线虫applectana hamatospicula对佛罗里达本地树蛙（海拉蛙）和古巴树蛙（CTF）骨霉（Osteopilus septentrionalis）的影响。我们对CTFs特别感兴趣，因为它们被引入佛罗里达导致了当地树蛙数量的下降。在实验室中，尽管股螺旋体在粪便中排出的蠕虫总数比CTFs少，但感染滴虫导致股螺旋体的体重损失比CTFs大。对佛罗里达州坦帕市的CTFs， H. femoralis和另一种佛罗里达本地树蛙，H. squirella（松鼠树蛙）的实地采集也表明，在控制体型的情况下，CTFs在粪便中排出的幼虫比两种本地青蛙都多。因此，非本地CTF是这种非本地寄生虫的超级脱壳者，这种寄生虫会溢出到不太耐受的本地树蛙身上。任何旨在减少CTFs对本地树蛙影响的保护干预都将受益于了解导致入侵宿主成为这种寄生虫超级脱壳者的特征。因此，我们对330个ctf进行了尸体解剖，以确定宿主性别和体型如何影响A. hamatospicula和该物种中其他两种常见寄生虫（针状线虫和吸虫）的丰度。棘球绦虫和囊蚴的数量随CTF体的大小呈显著的线性增加，但宿主体的大小与囊蚴的强度之间没有明显的关系。雌性CTFs体型更大，寿命更长，平均比雄性CTFs有更多的棘球绦虫。合成与应用。这些研究结果表明，寄生虫从入侵古巴树蛙（CTF）扩散到佛罗里达州的本地树蛙。此外，至少有一些CTFs对本地树蛙的不利影响可能是由这种引入的寄生虫的引入和扩增引起的，雌性和较大的CTFs似乎比雄性和较小的CTFs更能放大这些感染，这表明针对这些个体的管理可能会受益。
Introduced hosts are capable of introducing parasite species and altering the abundance of parasites that are already present in native hosts, but few studies have compared the tolerances of native and invasive hosts to introduced parasites or identified the traits of introduced hosts that make them supershedders of non-native parasites. Here, we compare the effects of a nematode Aplectana hamatospicula that is native to Cuba but appears to be introduced to Florida on the native Floridian treefrog, Hyla femoralis, and on the Cuban treefrog (CTF), Osteopilus septentrionalis. We were particularly interested in CTFs because their introduction to Florida has led to reported declines of native treefrogs. In the laboratory, infection with A. hamatospicula caused a greater loss in body mass of H. femoralis than CTFs despite H. femoralis shedding fewer total worms in their faeces than CTFs. Field collections of CTFs, H. femoralis, and another native Floridian treefrog, H. squirella (Squirrel treefrog) from Tampa, FL also showed that CTFs shed more larval worms in their faeces than both native frogs when controlling for body size. Hence, the non-native CTF is a supershedder of this non-native parasite that is spilling over to less tolerant native treefrogs. Any conservation intervention to reduce the effects of CTFs on native treefrogs would benefit from knowing the traits that contribute to the invasive host being a supershedder of this parasite. Hence, we conducted necropsies on 330 CTFs to determine how host sex and body size affect the abundance of A. hamatospicula, and two other common parasites in this species (acuariid nematodes and trematode metacercariae). There was a significant linear increase in A. hamatospicula and encysted acuariids with CTF body size, but there was no detectable relationship between host body size and the intensity of metacercariae. Female CTFs were bigger, lived longer and, on average, had more A. hamatospicula than male CTFs. Synthesis and applications. These results of the study suggest that there is parasite spillover from the invasive Cuban treefrog (CTF) to native treefrogs in Florida. Additionally, at least some of the adverse effects of CTFs on native treefrogs could be caused by the introduction and amplification of this introduced parasite, and female and larger CTFs seem to be amplifying these infections more than males and smaller CTFs, respectively, suggesting that management could benefit from targeting these individuals.