A Hierarchical Approach to Modeling and Improving the Performance of Scientific Applications on the KSR1
A Hierarchical Approach to Modeling and Improving the Performance of Scientific Applications on the KSR1
复制标题
用于建模和提高 KSR1 上科学应用性能的分层方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
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通讯作者：
E. Davidson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Boyd;W. Azeem;H. Lee;Tien;Shih;E. Davidson
我们已经开发了一个分层的性能绑定方法，试图解释特定系统上的循环主导的科学应用程序的性能。Kendall Square Research KSR 1被用作运行示例。我们建立了并发机中常见瓶颈的关键硬件单元的吞吐量模型。目前使用的四个单元是：内存端口、浮点、指令发布和循环承载依赖伪单元。我们提出了工作负载特征，并推导出特定机器工作负载对性能的上限。将交付的性能与界限进行比较，将注意力集中在需要改进的领域，并表明可以实现多大的改进。我们描绘了一个全面的方法来建模和提高应用程序的性能KSR 1。KSR 1使用一系列工具自动应用这种方法，包括K-MA和K-MACSTAT（能够计算性能边界的MACS层次结构）、K-Trace（允许对并行代码进行检测以产生内存引用跟踪）和K-Cache（基于内存引用跟踪模拟缓存间通信）。
We have developed a hierarchical performance bounding methodology that attempts to explain the performance of loop-dominated scientific applications on particular systems. The Kendall Square Research KSR1 is used as a running example. We model the throughput of key hardware units that arc common bottlenecks in concurrent machines. The four units currently used are: memory port, floating-point, instruction issue, and a loop-carried dependence pseudo-unit. We propose a workload characterization, and derive upper bounds on the performance of specific machine-workload pairs. Comparing delivered performance with bounds focuses attention on areas for improvement and indicates how much improvement might be attainable. We delineate a comprehensive approach to modeling and improving application performance on the KSR1. Application of this approach is being automated for the KSR1 with a series of tools including K-MA and K-MACSTAT (which enable the calculation of the MACS hierarchy of performance bounds), K-Trace (which allows parallel code to be instrumented to produce a memory reference trace), and K-Cache (which simulates inter-cache communications based on a memory reference trace).