Spatial and temporal disparity in signals and maskers affects signal detection in non-human primates.
Spatial and temporal disparity in signals and maskers affects signal detection in non-human primates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2016.10.013
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ramachandran R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rocchi F;Dylla ME;Bohlen PA;Ramachandran R
听觉刺激（信号）的检测阈值在掩蔽物存在的情况下增加。自然环境包含掩蔽物/干扰物，其可以具有相对于信号的广泛的时空属性。虽然这些参数已经在人类的精神病学中得到了很好的探索，但它们在动物模型中还没有得到很好的探索，并且它们的神经元基础还没有得到很好的理解。作为神经元测量的先驱，我们报告了系统地改变猕猴（猕猴和猕猴辐射）的信号和噪声之间的空间和时间关系的影响。猕猴检测音调掩蔽噪声在去/不去的任务，其中音调和噪声之间的时空关系系统地变化。掩蔽阈值较高时，掩蔽是连续的或门控打开和关闭的同时，信号，和较低时，连续掩蔽关闭信号期间。如果噪声突发与信号在时间上完全重叠，则噪声突发引起较高的掩蔽阈值，而部分重叠则导致较低的阈值。噪声持续时间需要至少100 ms，才能观察到显著的掩蔽。与信号在噪声的稳态部分（过冲）期间出现时相比，当信号和掩蔽声的开始同时出现时，短持续时间音调的阈值显着更高。当信号和掩蔽物在空间上分离时，掩蔽信号检测阈值相对于掩蔽物和信号共同定位时（掩蔽的空间释放）降低。掩蔽释放是较大的方位角分离比仰角分离。猕猴的这些结果与在人类中观察到的结果相似，表明信号和掩蔽物之间的特定时空关系以与人类相似的方式确定猕猴在自然环境中的阈值。这些结果形成的基础上，未来的调查神经元相关和机制的掩蔽。
Detection thresholds for auditory stimuli (signals) increase in the presence of maskers. Natural environments contain maskers/distractors that can have a wide range of spatiotemporal properties relative to the signal. While these parameters have been well explored psychophysically in humans, they have not been well explored in animal models, and their neuronal underpinnings are not well understood. As a precursor to the neuronal measurements, we report the effects of systematically varying the spatial and temporal relationship between signals and noise in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Macaca radiata). Macaques detected tones masked by noise in a Go/No-Go task in which the spatiotemporal relationships between the tone and noise were systematically varied. Masked thresholds were higher when the masker was continuous or gated on and off simultaneously with the signal, and lower when the continuous masker was turned off during the signal. A burst of noise caused higher masked thresholds if it completely temporally overlapped with the signal, whereas partial overlap resulted in lower thresholds. Noise durations needed to be at least 100 ms before significant masking could be observed. Thresholds for short duration tones were significantly higher when the onsets of signal and masker coincided compared to when the signal was presented during the steady state portion of the noise (overshoot). When signal and masker were separated in space, masked signal detection thresholds decreased relative to when the masker and signal were co-located (spatial release from masking). Masking release was larger for azimuthal separations than for elevation separations. These results in macaques are similar to those observed in humans, suggesting that the specific spatiotemporal relationship between signal and masker determine threshold in natural environments for macaques in a manner similar to humans. These results form the basis for future investigations of neuronal correlates and mechanisms of masking.