Implications of Rice Agriculture for Wild Birds in China
Implications of Rice Agriculture for Wild Birds in China
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DOI：
10.1675/063.033.s103
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发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Wood;Yi Qiao;Peng Li;P. Ding;B. Lu;Y. Xi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Wood;Yi Qiao;Peng Li;P. Ding;B. Lu;Y. Xi
抽象的。关于中国稻田里野生鸟类的数据很少。占世界湿地面积约6%的中国稻田的潜在意义是相当大的，但这种潜力是否得到满足在很大程度上是未知的。本文对中国传统水稻农业和现代水稻农业进行了比较，详细介绍了中国水稻农业的历史变迁及其对野生鸟类的影响。一年一茬、长时间休耕的传统做法，为生物多样性和朱鹭等物种提供了更大的好处。这种方法和替代品，如稻-鱼、鸭-稻和间作农业，与现代技术形成对比，现代技术通过相关的水制度和化学品使用，导致生物多样性和物种如黑脸琵鹭(Platalea Minor)的衰退。农用化学品的使用尤其重要，因为中国很可能是自20世纪90年代中期以来世界上最大的农药消费国，其中水稻的使用量最大。然而，很少有研究衡量农用化学品对中国野鸟的直接影响。关于中国稻田中鸟类的最详细信息来自于极具魅力的物种，如朱鹭和丹顶鹤。提供了可能是中国农村地区第一次系统的鸟类调查的初步数据。需要对水稻农业对中国野生鸟类的影响进行更详细和更广泛的研究。
Abstract. Data on wild birds in rice fields in China are scarce. The potential significance of Chinese rice fields, which represent about 6% of the world's wetland area, is considerable but whether this potential is met is largely unknown. In this review, traditional and modern Chinese rice agriculture are compared, including detailing historical changes and their implications for wild birds. Traditional practices, with one crop each year and long periods of fallow flooding, provide greater benefit to biodiversity and species such as the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon). The method and alternatives, such as rice-fish, duck-rice and swidden agriculture, are contrasted with modern techniques which, through associated water regimes and chemical use, have been implicated in the decline of biodiversity and of species such as the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor). Agrochemical use is particularly pertinent because China is likely to have been the world's largest pesticide consumer since the mid-1990s, with use greatest in rice (Oryza sativa). However, few studies have measured the direct effects of agro-chemicals on wild birds in China. The most detailed information on birds in China's rice fields comes from charismatic species such as the Crested Ibis and Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis). Preliminary data from possibly the first systematic bird survey of a Chinese rural county are presented. More detailed and widespread studies of the implications of rice agriculture to wild birds in China are required.