The rates of sea salt sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow of inland Antarctica
The rates of sea salt sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow of inland Antarctica
复制标题
南极内陆大气和地表雪中海盐硫酸化率
DOI：
10.1029/2011jd016378
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S.Fujita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Iizuka;Y.;A.Tsuchimoto;Y.Hoshina;T.Sakurai;M.Hansson;T.Karlin;K.Fujita;F.Nakazawa;H.Motoyama;S.Fujita
存在于南极洲内陆表面冰雪中的大部分气溶胶颗粒来自初级海盐（氯化钠）和海洋生物活性（甲磺酸和硫酸）。地表雪、冰原和全新世冰的融水主要含有钠、氯和硫酸盐离子。虽然众所周知，海盐气溶胶与硫酸迅速发生反应，这一过程被称为硫酸化，但尚不清楚这一过程何时发生。在这项研究中，我们将测量大气和地表雪中经历硫酸盐化的海盐气溶胶的比例，而不是更深的冰，以便了解海盐气溶胶作为深冰芯中过去气候的替代品的适用性。我们直接测量了在圆顶富士站收集的近期降雪（0-4米深）的磺化速率，使用X射线色散光谱来确定可溶性颗粒的组成元素，并计算氯化钠和硫酸钠的摩尔比。我们估计，大约90%的初始海盐气溶胶在沉积在冰盖上一年内被富士圆顶上空的降水或积雪吸收时磺化。
Most of the aerosol particles present in the surface snow and ice of inland Antarctica come from primary sea salt (sodium chloride) and marine biological activity (methansulfonic and sulfuric acids). Melted water from surface snow, firn, and Holocene ice contains mainly sodium, chloride, and sulfate ions. Although it is well known that sea salt aerosols react rapidly with sulfuric acid, a process known as sulfatization, it is not known when this process takes place. In this research we undertake to measure the proportion of sea salt aerosols that undergo sulfatization in the atmosphere and surface snow, as opposed to deeper ice, in order to understand the suitability of sea salt aerosols as a proxy for past climates in deep ice cores. We directly measure the sulfatization rates in recently fallen snow (0–4 m in depth) collected at the Dome Fuji station, using X‐ray dispersion spectroscopy to determine the constituent elements of soluble particles and computing the molar ratios of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. We estimate that about 90% of the initial sea salt aerosols sulfatize as they are taken up by precipitation over Dome Fuji or in the snowpack within one year after being deposited on the ice sheet.