Amino Acid Transport Across the Mammalian Intestine
Amino Acid Transport Across the Mammalian Intestine
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c170041
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Fairweather，Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broer，Stefan;Fairweather，Stephen J.
在摄入蛋白质后，小肠调节氨基酸的吸收，并维持氨基酸向所有组织的供应。小肠是血浆氨基酸稳态的重要贡献者，而大肠中的氨基酸运输与细菌代谢物和液体分泌更为相关。一些罕见的遗传性疾病有助于小肠上皮细胞中氨基酸转运蛋白的鉴定，特别是胱氨酸尿症、赖氨酸尿蛋白不耐受症、哈特纳普病、亚氨基糖尿症和二羧基氨基酸尿症。这些最容易通过分析尿液氨基酸来检测，但通常也会影响肠道运输。这些疾病背后的基因都已被确认。其余的转运蛋白是通过分子克隆技术鉴定出来的，在一定程度上，肠上皮细胞的转运蛋白之间的功能合作的全面描述现在可以用于肠基底外侧和根尖膜。大多数肠道转运体的小鼠模型说明了它们对氨基酸稳态和全身生理的贡献。肠道氨基酸运输活动在不同物种之间可能存在差异，但现在可以将其解释为氨基酸转运体沿肠道分布的差异。©2019美国生理学会。中国生物医学工程学报（英文版），2019。
The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:343‐373, 2019.