Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists
Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists
复制标题
钢琴家皮质肌肉和生物力学系统的适应
DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhab229
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Furuya Shinichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimoto Yudai;Hirano Masato;Furuya Shinichi
手指之间的运动的独立控制在表征熟练个体的手灵活性中起作用。然而，它仍然是未知的，是否以及以何种方式神经肌肉和生物力学约束的运动独立性的手指取决于电机的专业知识。在这里，我们比较了运动灵活性，皮质脊髓兴奋性的多块肌肉，肌肉激活，和解剖特征的手指之间的钢琴家和nonpianists。当无名指被动移动的机器人，被动运动产生的相邻的手指比nonpianists的钢琴家更小，表明减少生物力学约束的手指在钢琴家。相反，当无名指主动移动时，我们发现相邻手指产生的被动运动没有组间差异;然而，与非钢琴家相比，钢琴家相邻手指的皮质脊髓兴奋性抑制减少。这表明钢琴家手指之间的神经肌肉耦合加强，提高了协调手指运动的产生。这些组间差异在食指和小指运动过程中并不明显。总之，钢琴家表现出依赖于专业知识的生物力学和神经生理学适应，特别是在天生运动独立性低的手指上。钢琴家的这种对比适应可能有助于灵巧地控制个性化和协调的手指运动。
Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements.