Genetic Architecture of Learning and Delayed Recall: A Twin Study of Episodic Memory
Genetic Architecture of Learning and Delayed Recall: A Twin Study of Episodic Memory
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022569
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kremen, William S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Panizzon, Matthew S.;Lyons, Michael J.;Kremen, William S.
目的：虽然情景记忆通常被概念化为由多个组成过程组成，但对于这些过程是否受到相同或不同遗传决定因素的影响仍缺乏了解。本研究的目的是利用多变量双胞胎分析来阐明学习和延迟回忆（情景记忆表现的两个关键指标）具有共同或不同的遗传和环境影响的程度。方法：使用第二版加州言语学习测试对越南时代双胞胎衰老研究的参与者（314 对同卵双胞胎、259 对异卵双胞胎和 47 对未配对双胞胎）进行评估。评估时的平均年龄为 55.4 岁 (SD = 2.5)。结果：模型拟合揭示了影响学习、短延迟和长延迟自由回忆的高阶潜在因素的存在，遗传率为 0.36。最佳拟合模型还表明了特定的遗传对学习的影响，占总体方差的 10%。鉴于学习涉及信息的获取和检索，而延迟回忆仅涉及信息检索，我们得出的结论是，这些特定效应可能反映了特定于获取过程的基因。结论：这些结果表明，即使在非临床人群中，区分情景记忆中的组成过程也是可能的。这些不同的遗传影响可能对基因关联研究以及认知衰老和情景记忆障碍（如阿尔茨海默病或轻度认知障碍）的其他遗传研究产生影响。
Objective: Although episodic memory is often conceptualized as consisting of multiple component processes, there is a lack of understanding as to whether these processes are influenced by the same or different genetic determinants. The aim of the present study was to utilize multivariate twin analyses to elucidate the degree to which learning and delayed recall, two critical measures of episodic memory performance, have common or different genetic and environmental influences. Method: Participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (314 monozygotic twin pairs, 259 dizygotic twin pairs, and 47 unpaired twins) were assessed using the second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test. Mean age at the time of the evaluation was 55.4 years (SD = 2.5). Results: Model fitting revealed the presence of a higher-order latent factor influencing learning, short- and long-delay free recall, with a heritability of .36. The best-fitting model also indicated specific genetic influences on learning, which accounted for 10% of the overall variance. Given that learning involves the acquisition and retrieval of information, whereas delayed recall involves only retrieval, we conclude that these specific effects are likely to reflect genes that are specific to acquisition processes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that even in nonclinical populations, it is possible to differentiate component processes in episodic memory. These different genetic influences may have implications for gene association studies, as well as other genetic studies of cognitive aging and disorders of episodic memory such as Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.