"Do not choose as I do!" - Dogs avoid the food that is indicated by another dog's gaze in a two-object choice task
"Do not choose as I do!" - Dogs avoid the food that is indicated by another dog's gaze in a two-object choice task
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2015.06.005
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Pongracz, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balint, Anna;Farago, Tamas;Pongracz, Peter
在两个物体选择测试中，家庭狗成功地遵循了人类给出的线索。然而，这种能力是否有任何根源，狗狗的视觉沟通，一直很少调查。我们设计了一个测试，一个视频投影，真人大小的狗“示范”提供方向线索的主题，把它的头转向两个盘子中的一个装有食物。为了避免假复制，28只不同的狗的视频被记录为“演示者”。N = 60名受试者进行了测试，一个更大的，更小的，或同样大小的“示范”，使用一个瞬间的头部和目光转向，而N = 15名受试者进行了测试，使用持续的示范线索。社会地位的主题，基于一份问卷（单身，主导或从属），也被考虑在内。我们的研究结果表明，狗并没有选择之间的板依靠的瞬间头部转动的投影演示（p = 0.35）。社会等级对他们的选择也没有任何影响，然而，“单身”狗在他们的选择中表现出左侧偏好（p = 0.03）。在瞬间凝视的情况下，所有的狗都产生了强烈的侧偏，这取决于它们的第一选择（p < 0.001）。然而，当投影演示者进行持续凝视时，受试者避开指示板（p = 0.027）。这是第一项研究表明，狗不会跟随另一只狗给出的头部转向线索，而是避免其他狗凝视的食物。这一发现支持了这样一种理论，即在人类给予线索的情况下，狗的良好表现可能在狗与狗的交流中没有直接的前身，而是依赖于狗对人类的特定注意力和/或在个体发育期间将人类的方向手势与食物奖励联系起来的大量机会。(C)2015 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Family dogs successfully follow human-given cues in a two-object choice test. However, whether this ability has any roots in dog-dog visual communication, has been seldom investigated. We designed a test where a video-projected, life-sized dog 'demonstrator' provided directional cues for the subjects by turning its head toward one of the two plates containing food. To avoid pseudo-replication, videos of 28 different dogs were recorded as 'demonstrators'. N = 60 subjects were tested with a larger, smaller, or equally sized 'demonstrator', using a momentary head-and-gaze turn, while N = 15 subjects were tested using sustained demonstrative cues. Social status of the subjects, based on a questionnaire (single-kept, dominant or subordinate), was also taken into account. Our results showed that dogs did not choose between the plates by relying on the momentary head turns of the projected demonstrator (p = 0.35). Social rank did not have any effect on their choices either, however, 'single' dogs showed a left-side preference in their choices (p = 0.03). In the case of momentary gazing, all dogs developed strong side bias depending on their first choices (p < 0.001). However, when the projected demonstrator performed sustained gazing, subjects avoided the indicated plate (p = 0.027). This is the first study showing that dogs do not follow the head turn cues given by another dog, but rather avoid the food that the other dog gazes at. This finding gives support to the theory that good performance of dogs in case of human-given cues may not have a direct predecessor in dog-dog communication, but rather relies on dogs' specific attention to humans and/or the plentiful opportunity to associate human directional gestures with food reward during the ontogeny. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.