The effectiveness and optimal use of Malaise traps for monitoring parasitoid wasps
The effectiveness and optimal use of Malaise traps for monitoring parasitoid wasps
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-4598.2007.00003.x
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Mayhew, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraser, Sally E. M.;Dytham, Calvin;Mayhew, Peter J.
1. 寄生蜂种类丰富，可能是环境变化的敏感指标。不适诱捕器被广泛用于对寄生膜翅目昆虫的某些类群进行取样，但对于如何最好地在单个地点监测群落却知之甚少。为了研究采样时间、陷阱位置和复制对寄生蜂组合的影响，我们在英国约克谷的两个农场森林中密集取样了4个姬蜂亚科（膜翅目：姬蜂科）。物种积累曲线表明，即使每根木材有16个虫夹，群落的采样也不完全。尽管如此，我们在一片森林中捕获了英国所有物种的28%，这意味着当地的寄生蜂多样性可能非常高。寄生蜂的丰度和物种丰富度在不同采样周期（两周）和不同陷阱之间差异显著，但在中心和边缘位置之间总体上没有差异。寄生蜂群落组成在核心捕集器和边缘捕集器之间存在差异，但其中一种木材的差异明显大于另一种木材。一个亚科，Poemeniinae，主要分布在边缘位置。捕集器之间的距离越远，捕集量的差异越大。前一年，在同一片树林里分别设置两个陷阱，只捕获了一半的物种，但物种丰度在年份之间呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，少量的陷阱可以包含有关寄生蜂群落的有用信息，但可能严重低估了总物种丰富度。为了获得广泛的物种覆盖，采样应持续数周，在核心和边缘位置广泛分开的陷阱采样。在监测环境变化对生物多样性的影响方面，我们的重点类群应该证明是极好的。
1. Parasitoid wasps are species-rich and likely to be sensitive indicators of environmental change. Malaise traps are widely used for sampling certain taxa of parasitic Hymenoptera, but little is known about how they should best be used to monitor the community at an individual site.2. To investigate the effects of sample duration, trap location and replication on the parasitoid assemblage, we sampled four ichneumonid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) intensively using Malaise traps in two farm woods in the Vale of York, UK.3. Species accumulation curves showed that even with 16 Malaise traps per wood, the community is incompletely sampled. Despite this, we caught up to 28% of all UK species in a single wood, implying that local parasitoid diversity may be very high.4. Abundance and species richness of parasitoids differed significantly between sample periods ( fortnights) and between traps, but did not differ overall between core and edge locations.5. Parasitoid community composition differed between core and edge traps, but differences were much stronger in one wood than the other. One subfamily, the Poemeniinae, was found predominantly in edge locations. Catch differences became greater with increasing distance between traps.6. The previous year, two traps in each of the same woods caught only half as many species, but species abundance was positively correlated between years.7. Our results suggest that a small number of traps can contain useful information about the parasitoid community but is likely to seriously underestimate total species richness. To achieve extensive species coverage, sampling should continue over several weeks, with widely separated traps sampling both core and edge locations. Our focal taxa should prove excellent for monitoring the effects of environmental change on biodiversity.