The social networks and structural variation of Mississippian sociopolitics in the southeastern United States
The social networks and structural variation of Mississippian sociopolitics in the southeastern United States
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美国东南部密西西比社会政治的社会网络和结构变异
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1818346116
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jacob Lulewicz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jacob Lulewicz
意义社会类型学模型在解释社会政治组织的另一种方法。发展分析和概念策略来比较和描述社会政治组织是人类学研究的基石。这项研究有助于这样的学科焦点，提出了一个正式的，比较的方法来研究社会政治学，特别是有助于讨论的演变和发展的组织复杂性在小规模的，非国家社会。然而，除了考古学之外，这项研究还展示了更广泛地从历史的角度看待人类网络演变的价值，并强调了当代社会、经济和政治理论与历史科学之间的生产关系对于调查过去和现在的社会的价值。考古学中的网络方法为促进社会政治组织的自下而上的比较方法提供了一个有前途的途径。虽然最近的应用主要集中在移民和人口趋势，身份和身份政治，以及地缘政治和区域互动的动态，但很少尝试比较社会政治组织。在这项研究中，我提出了另一种方法来使用整个南部阿巴拉契亚的社会类型学模型。特别是，我证明了使用网络分析作为正式和定量比较社会政治景观的关系结构和组织的模式的价值;在这种情况下，传统上被描述为酋长领地星座的那些。通过接近阿巴拉契亚南部的历史，通过社会，政治和经济制度的实际建立的关系，我移动东南部的政治制度的研究，超越了使用模型，强调精英和统治阶级的行为受到民族志和民族历史记录的启发。为了这些目的，使用一个强大的区域陶瓷数据集，我比较网络的历史和政治景观之间的CA南部阿巴拉契亚地区。公元800年和1650年。这些分析的结果为研究小规模政治组织提供了深刻的见解，表明：（一）随着酋长制的发展，领导人利用了预先存在的社会和政治条件;（二）虽然酋长互动网络的特点是不稳定，但更广泛的互动网络要持久得多;以及（iii）定量网络分析和定性民族历史叙述可以相互衔接，以揭示土著政治组织。
Significance An alternative approach to the use of sociotypological models in interpreting sociopolitical organization is presented. The development of analytical and conceptual strategies to compare and describe sociopolitical organizations is a cornerstone of anthropological inquiry. This study contributes to such disciplinary foci by presenting a formal, comparative approach to the study of sociopolitics, particularly contributing to discussions of the evolution and development of organizational complexity in small-scale, nonstate societies. Beyond archaeology however, this study demonstrates the value of a deep, historical perspective on the evolution of human networks more broadly and highlights the value of a productive relationship between contemporary social, economic, and political theory and the historical sciences for the investigation of both past and present societies. Network approaches in archaeology offer a promising avenue for facilitating bottom-up, comparative approaches to sociopolitical organization. While recent applications have focused primarily on migration and demographic trends, identity and identity politics, and the dynamics of geopolitical and regional interaction, little in the way of comparative sociopolitical organization has been attempted. In this study, I present an alternative approach to the use of sociotypological models across southern Appalachia. In particular, I demonstrate the value in employing network analyses as a mode of formally and quantitatively comparing the relational structures and organizations of sociopolitical landscapes; in this case, those traditionally characterized as constellations of chiefdoms. By approaching southern Appalachian histories through the relationships upon which social, political, and economic institutions were actually built, I move the study of southeastern political systems beyond the use of models that emphasize the behaviors of elites and the ruling class as inspired by the ethnographic and ethnohistoric records. To these ends, using a robust regional ceramic dataset, I compare network histories and political landscapes for the southern Appalachian region between ca. AD 800 and 1650. The results of these analyses contribute insights to the study of small-scale political organizations by demonstrating that (i) as chiefdoms developed, leaders drew on preexisting social and political conditions; (ii) while networks of chiefly interaction were defined by instability, wider networks of interaction were much more durable; and (iii) quantitative network analyses and qualitative ethnohistoric accounts can articulate with one another to shed light on indigenous political organization.