Gender differences in occupational exposure patterns
Gender differences in occupational exposure patterns
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DOI：
10.1136/oem.2010.064097
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Pearce, Neil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eng, Amanda;'t Mannetje, Andrea;Pearce, Neil
目标 作者进行了一项基于人口的调查，以检验职业暴露模式中的性别差异，并调查观察到的差异是否是由于： (a) 职业分布中的性别差异；方法从选民名册中随机选出 20-64 岁的男性和女性，并受邀参加电话访谈，收集有关自我报告的职业接触特定粉尘和化学品、物理接触和组织因素的信息。作者使用逻辑回归来计算患病率 OR 和 95% CI，比较男性 (n=1431) 和女性 (n=1572) 的暴露患病率，并根据年龄进行调整。为了调查同一职业中的男性和女性是否受到同样的暴露，作者还使用五位数代码 (n=1208) 将男性与女性在当前职业中进行匹配，并根据年龄进行条件逻辑回归。 结果 总体而言，男性工人报告接触灰尘和化学物质、大声噪音、不规律工作时间、夜班和振动工具的可能性是男性工人的两到四倍。女性从事重复性任务和高速工作的可能性要高出 30%，并且更有可能接触消毒剂、染发剂和纺织灰尘。当男性与从事相同职业的女性进行比较时，性别差异就减弱了。然而，男性仍然更有可能接触焊接烟雾、除草剂、木屑、溶剂、振动工具、不规律的工作时间和夜班工作。与从事相同职业的男性相比，女性仍然更有可能报告重复性任务和高速工作，此外，更有可能报告尴尬或劳累的职位。 结论这项基于人群的研究表明，即使在同一职业中，男性和女性之间的职业暴露模式也存在显着差异。因此，在职业健康研究中，性别的影响不容忽视。
Objectives The authors conducted a population-based survey to examine gender differences in occupational exposure patterns and to investigate whether any observed differences are due to: (a) gender differences in occupational distribution; and/or (b) gender differences in tasks within occupations.Methods Men and women aged 20-64 years were randomly selected from the Electoral Roll and invited to take part in a telephone interview, which collected information on self-reported occupational exposure to specific dusts and chemicals, physical exposures and organisational factors. The authors used logistic regression to calculate prevalence ORs and 95% CIs comparing the exposure prevalence of males (n=1431) and females (n=1572), adjusting for age. To investigate whether men and women in the same occupation were equally exposed, the authors also matched males to females on current occupation using the five-digit code (n=1208) and conducted conditional logistic regression adjusting for age.Results Overall, male workers were two to four times more likely to report exposure to dust and chemical substances, loud noise, irregular hours, night shifts and vibrating tools. Women were 30% more likely to report repetitive tasks and working at high speed, and more likely to report exposure to disinfectants, hair dyes and textile dust. When men were compared with women with the same occupation, gender differences were attenuated. However, males remained significantly more likely to report exposure to welding fumes, herbicides, wood dust, solvents, tools that vibrate, irregular hours and night-shift work. Women remained more likely to report repetitive tasks and working at high speed, and in addition were more likely to report awkward or tiring positions compared with men with the same occupation.Conclusion This population-based study showed substantial differences in occupational exposure patterns between men and women, even within the same occupation. Thus, the influence of gender should not be overlooked in occupational health research.