Ecological limits to evolutionary rescue
Ecological limits to evolutionary rescue
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0453
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发表时间：
2020-12-21
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Litchman, Elena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klausmeier, Christopher A.;Osmond, Matthew M.;Litchman, Elena
由于自然和人为原因，环境发生变化，这可能威胁到物种的持久性。进化适应是一种潜在的强大机制，使物种能够在这些不断变化的环境中生存下来。为了确定在何种条件下适应将防止灭绝（进化拯救），经典的数量遗传学模型假设了一个不断变化的环境。他们预测，物种特征将以接近常数的滞后跟踪移动的环境最佳状态。如果适应度在这个滞后为负，物种将灭绝。已经有许多对这些模型的详细阐述，其中包含了越来越多的遗传现实主义。在这里，我们回顾和探讨四个生态并发症的后果：非二次适应函数，相互作用的密度和性状依赖，物种相互作用和适应的基本限制。我们发现，非二次适应度函数可以导致进化临界点和存在危机，密度和特征依赖死亡率之间的相互作用也是如此。然后，我们回顾文献种间相互作用如何影响适应和持久性。最后，我们提出了另一种理论框架，认为有界的环境变化和适应的基本限制。将需要一个将理论和实验结合起来的研究方案，并将各组织的规模结合起来，以预测适应是否会在不断变化的环境中防止物种灭绝。这篇文章是“海洋保护的综合研究视角”主题的一部分。
Environments change, for both natural and anthropogenic reasons, which can threaten species persistence. Evolutionary adaptation is a potentially powerful mechanism to allow species to persist in these changing environments. To determine the conditions under which adaptation will prevent extinction (evolutionary rescue), classic quantitative genetics models have assumed a constantly changing environment. They predict that species traits will track a moving environmental optimum with a lag that approaches a constant. If fitness is negative at this lag, the species will go extinct. There have been many elaborations of these models incorporating increased genetic realism. Here, we review and explore the consequences of four ecological complications: non-quadratic fitness functions, interacting density- and trait-dependence, species interactions and fundamental limits to adaptation. We show that non-quadratic fitness functions can result in evolutionary tipping points and existential crises, as can the interaction between density- and trait-dependent mortality. We then review the literature on how interspecific interactions affect adaptation and persistence. Finally, we suggest an alternative theoretical framework that considers bounded environmental change and fundamental limits to adaptation. A research programme that combines theory and experiments and integrates across organizational scales will be needed to predict whether adaptation will prevent species extinction in changing environments. This article is part of the theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'.