The gut microbiota and liver disease.
The gut microbiota and liver disease.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.04.003
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Schnabl, Bernd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Llorente, Cristina;Schnabl, Bernd
肠道渗漏假说将微生物产物的转运与肝病的发生和发展联系起来，长期以来，它们被认为是其主要贡献者之一。然而，关于肠道微生物区系对肝病的贡献的更详细的图景开始演变。肠道中有数以万亿计的微生物，它们帮助消化，调节免疫反应，并产生各种微生物代谢活动产生的产物。这些产物与宿主-细菌的相互作用一起影响正常生理和疾病易感性。破坏微生物区系和宿主之间的共生被称为生物失调，可能会对健康产生深远的影响。有害细菌比例的增加和有益细菌水平的减少以及细菌总量(过度生长)的数量变化等质的变化都与肝病有关。了解肝脏疾病的病理生理学和微生物区系的组成和功能变化之间的联系将有助于设计创新的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们集中讨论了导致生物失调的因素，并讨论了生物失调如何破坏肠道内环境平衡并导致肝脏疾病。
The leaky gut hypothesis links translocating microbial products with the onset and progression of liver disease, and for a long time they were considered one of its major contributors. However, a more detailed picture of the intestinal microbiota contributing to liver disease started to evolve. The gut is colonized by trillions of microbes that aid in digestion, modulate immune response, and generate a variety of products that result from microbial metabolic activities. These products together with host-bacteria interactions influence both normal physiology and disease susceptibility. A disruption of the symbiosis between microbiota and host is known as dysbiosis and can have profound effects on health. Qualitative changes such as increased proportions of harmful bacteria and reduced levels of beneficial bacteria, and also quantitative changes in the total amount of bacteria (overgrowth) have been associated with liver disease. Understanding the link between the pathophysiology of liver diseases and compositional and functional changes of the microbiota will help in the design of innovative therapies. In this review, we focus on factors resulting in dysbiosis, and discuss how dysbiosis can disrupt intestinal homeostasis and contribute to liver disease.