The role of neuroinflammation in the release of aversive odor cues from footshock-stressed rats: Implications for the neural mechanism of alarm pheromone
The role of neuroinflammation in the release of aversive odor cues from footshock-stressed rats: Implications for the neural mechanism of alarm pheromone
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.09.001
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Deak, Terrence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arakawa, Hiroyuki;Arakawa, Keiko;Deak, Terrence
已知应激动物会释放令人厌恶的化学信号，同种动物对此表现出回避样反应。目前的研究评估是否由足电击应激引起的炎症细胞因子反应调节雄性大鼠释放的气味信号。将雄性大鼠暴露于30分钟的间歇性足电击（60次电击，1.0 mA，每次100 ms，可变ITI为30 s）或留在其家中笼中作为非应激对照。脑组织真实的时间RT-PCR分析表明，足电击可增加室旁核和终纹床核中促炎细胞因子IL-1 β和hnCRH以及c-fos mRNA的表达，并增加血浆皮质酮水平。从暴露于30分钟，但不是5分钟，足电击大鼠收集的弄脏的床上用品引起了不同的反应，表示减少嗅和增加避免在男性受试者。给予皮质酮注射（s.c.）的大鼠的污染垫料1.25或3.75mg/ml）处理后3 h，未引起嗅受者的回避反应。此外，ICY输注的抗炎细胞因子IL-10（20或200 ng）到刺激动物30分钟前30分钟的足电击会议，没有影响刺激动物的血浆皮质酮水平，但衰减释放厌恶的气味所示的剂量依赖性减少回避气味受体大鼠。这些结果表明，应激大鼠释放气味线索，导致其他大鼠远离信号源。这种应激诱导的化学信号可能由脑中的炎性细胞因子反应介导。(c)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Stressed animals have been known to release aversive chemosignals toward which conspecifics show avoidance-like responses. The present studies assessed whether inflammatory cytokine responses provoked by footshock stress modulate odor signals released from male rats. Male rats were exposed to 30 min of intermittent footshock (60 shocks, 1.0 mA, 100 ms each, variable ITI of 30 s) or remained in their home cages as non-stressed controls. Real time RT-PCR analysis of brain tissues indicated that footshock increased the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1 beta and hnCRH as well as c-fos mRNA expressions in the paraventricular nucleus, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminal's, and increased plasma corticosterone levels. Soiled bedding collected from rats exposed to 30-min, but not 5-min, of footshock elicited a differential response, as expressed by decreased sniffing and increased avoidance in male test subjects. Soiled bedding from rats given corticosterone injection (s.c. 1.25 or 3.75 mg/ml) 3 h before bedding collection evoked no avoidance response in odor-recipients. Furthermore, ICY infusion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (20 or 200 ng) into the stimulus animals 30-min before a 30-min footshock session, had no effect on plasma corticosterone levels in the stimulus animals, but attenuated the release of aversive odor as indicated by dose-dependently diminished avoidance in odor-recipient rats. These results demonstrated that stressed rats release odorant cues that cause other rats to move away from the source of the signal. Such stress-induced chemosignals may be mediated by inflammatory cytokine responses in the brain. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.