Surface urban heat island in China's 32 major cities: Spatial patterns and drivers
Surface urban heat island in China's 32 major cities: Spatial patterns and drivers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rse.2014.05.017
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
13.5
通讯作者：
Decheng Zhou;Shuqing Zhao;Shuguang Liu;Liangxia Zhang;Chao Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Decheng Zhou;Shuqing Zhao;Shuguang Liu;Liangxia Zhang;Chao Zhu
城市热岛是人类活动对地球环境造成的一种重要影响，其地理空间格局在大面积区域内仍不清楚。利用2003 - 2011年的MODIS数据，定量分析了中国32个主要城市地表热岛强度（SUHII，城乡温差）的日变化和季节变化，并分析了其空间变化特征和可能的机制。结果表明，年平均SUHII日变化范围为0.01 ~ 1.87 °C，夜间变化范围为0.35 ~ 1.95 °C，具有明显的空间异质性。白天和晚上的SUHI指数分别在东南部和北方地区观测到。此外，SUHII的季节差异很大，其特点是在白天夏季比冬季更高的强度，而在大多数城市的夜间相反。因此，白天SUHII是否高于或低于夜间SUHII的城市在很大程度上取决于地理位置和研究期间。白天SUHII的分布与夏季的植被活动和人为热释放密切相关，与冬季的气候（温度和降水）密切相关，而夜间SUHII的分布则与夏季的植被活动、人为热释放、建筑强度以及两季的气候密切相关。总体而言，我们发现气候对SUHII的空间变异性具有压倒性的控制作用，但本研究中包含的因素解释了白天与夜间相比以及夏季相对于冬季的SUHII变化的小得多的部分（白天与黑夜：夏季分别为57%和72%，冬季分别为61%和90%），表明白天SUHII分布的机制更为复杂，特别是在夏季。我们的研究结果突出了不同的昼夜（白天和夜晚）和季节（夏季和冬季）SUHII的空间格局和驱动力，这表明需要采取各种策略来有效缓解城市热岛效应。
Urban heat island (UHI) is a major anthropogenic alteration on Earth environments and its geospatial pattern remains poorly understood over large areas. Using MODIS data from 2003 to 2011, we quantified the diurnal and seasonal surface UHI intensity (SUHII, urban–suburban temperature difference) in China's 32 major cities, and analyzed their spatial variations and possible underlying mechanisms. Results show that the annual mean SUHII varied markedly from 0.01 to 1.87 °C in the day and 0.35 to 1.95 °C at night, with a great deal of spatial heterogeneities. Higher SUHIIs for the day and night were observed in the southeastern and northern regions, respectively. Moreover, the SUHII differed greatly by season, characterized by a higher intensity in summer than in winter during the day, and the opposite during the night for most cities. Consequently, whether the daytime SUHII was higher or lower than the nighttime SUHII for a city depends strongly on the geographic location and research period. The SUHII's distribution in the day related closely to vegetation activity and anthropogenic heat releases in summer, and to climate (temperature and precipitation) in winter, while that at night linked tightly to albedo, anthropogenic heat releases, built-up intensity, and climate in both seasons. Overall, we found the overwhelming control of climate on the SUHII's spatial variability, yet the factors included in this study explained a much smaller fraction of the SUHII variations in the day compared to night and in summer relative to winter (day vs. night: 57% vs. 72% in summer, and 61% vs. 90% in winter, respectively), indicating more complicated mechanisms underlying the distribution of daytime SUHII, particularly in summer. Our results highlight the different diurnal (day and night) and seasonal (summer and winter) SUHII's spatial patterns and driving forces, suggesting various strategies are needed for an effective UHI effect mitigation.