Eliciting human values for conservation planning and decisions: A global issue.

Eliciting human values for conservation planning and decisions: A global issue.
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激发保护规划和决策的人类价值观:一个全球性问题。

DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.036
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Wallace KJ
Wallace KJ
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wallace KJ

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2005年《多边环境协定》生物多样性综合报告强调了自然生物要素对人类福祉的重要全球贡献。反过来,幸福本身取决于满足人类价值的某些组合规定,原则上,正是这些价值推动了关于在竞争需求之间分配自然资源的决定(Gregory et al.,2012,Wallace,2012)。如果我们推断当前的全球压力-从气候变化到不断扩大的人口加速资源使用-很明显,对自然生物资源的竞争将继续增加,导致竞争利益之间更激烈的冲突和权衡(McShane等人,2011年)。在这种环境下,实现保护目标需要对利益相关者和决策者的态度和价值观有充分的了解(McShane等人,2011年,Madden和McQuinn,2014年,Redpath等人,2013年)。也就是说,管理相互竞争的人类价值观是有关养护和利用自然资源的决策的核心。因此,制定一个与确定决策中的协同作用和权衡一致的价值分类,选择关键的利益相关者代表,以及产生用于引出和评级价值的方法,都是生物保护规划中至关重要的考虑因素。处理不确定性和操作行动的选择-在一系列出版物中概述(例如,CMP,2013年,Gregory等人,2012年,Knight等人,2006年,洛克伍德等人,2006年)。虽然这些作者和许多其他人承认人类价值的重要性,但仍有相当大的空间来开发更明确地将人类福祉和相关价值与保护规划联系起来的方法。正如养护措施伙伴关系最近在网上文件中承认人类价值是规划的一个组成部分(《议定书》/《公约》缔约方会议,2013年)所强调的那样,这种联系仍处于初期阶段。Knight et al.进一步举例说明了这一点。(2010年),有经验和良好的保护规划工作者,谁认识到,他们的战略发展的有效性受到一些利益相关者的价值观的知识不足。我们怀疑这一评论同样适用于所有从事业务规划、管理或政策制定的人(当然也包括我们自己)。
The MEA (2005) biodiversity synthesis emphasizes the important global contribution of natural biological elements to human well-being. In turn, wellbeing itself depends on satisfying some combined provision of human values, and it is these values that in principle drive decisions concerning the allocation of natural resources among competing demands (Gregory et al., 2012, Wallace, 2012). If we extrapolate current global pressures–ranging from climate change to accelerating resource use by an expanding human population–it is clear that competition for natural biological resources will continue to increase, leading to more intense conflicts and trade-offs amongst contending interests (McShane et al., 2011). In this environment, achieving conservation objectives requires a sound understanding of the attitudes and values of stakeholders and decision-makers (McShane et al., 2011, Madden and McQuinn, 2014, Redpath et al., 2013). That is, managing competing human values is central to decision-making concerning the conservation and use of natural resources. Thus, developing a classification of values consistent with identifying synergies and trade-offs in decisions, selecting key stakeholder representatives, and generating methods for eliciting and rating values are all vital considerations in biological conservation planning.Planning processes have advanced considerably over the past two decades and basic components–including objective setting, risk management, dealing with uncertainty and selection of operational actions–are outlined in a range of publications (eg, CMP, 2013, Gregory et al., 2012, Knight et al., 2006, Lockwood et al., 2006). While these authors and many others acknowledge the importance of human values, there is considerable scope for developing methods that more explicitly link human wellbeing and related values into conservation planning. This linkage is still in its infancy, as underlined by the Conservation Measures Partnership's comparatively recent recognition of human values as a component of planning in on-line documents (CMP, 2013). The point is further exemplified by Knight et al.(2010), experienced and well-credentialed workers in conservation planning, who recognized that the effectiveness of their strategy development was undermined by inadequate knowledge of some stakeholder values. We suspect this comment applies equally to all those (and certainly ourselves) who have engaged in operational planning, management, or policy development.
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