Conserved epitopes of influenza A virus inducing protective immunity and their prospects for universal vaccine development.
Conserved epitopes of influenza A virus inducing protective immunity and their prospects for universal vaccine development.
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DOI：
10.1186/1743-422x-7-351
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发表时间：
2010-11-30
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Varečková E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staneková Z;Varečková E
甲型流感病毒是研究得最好的病毒之一，但目前还没有有效的预防流感感染的方法。甲型流感病毒出现新的逃逸变体，造成流行病和周期性的全球大流行，对人类构成威胁。因此，当前流感病毒研究的热点任务是寻找一种使我们更接近通用疫苗的方法。选定的保守抗原诱导交叉保护性抗体反应与激活交叉保护性细胞毒性t细胞的表位相结合，将提供一种有吸引力的策略，以提高对季节性流感病毒漂移变异的保护，并减少未来大流行毒株的影响。抗原性保守的血凝素（HA2 gp）融合活性亚基和基质蛋白2 （eM2）外结构域是制备广泛保护性HA2或eM2疫苗的有希望的候选物，可能有助于大流行的预防。通过细胞毒性t淋巴细胞（CTL）识别的表位的贡献，可以实现总体保护作用，这些表位已被广泛研究，以达到更广泛的流感感染控制。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了这一领域的最新进展。我们描述了已知的适应性免疫机制，由流感特异性B细胞和t细胞介导，参与抗流感免疫防御，以及先天免疫的贡献。我们讨论了抗体介导的流感感染中和机制、CTL在病毒消除中的作用以及开发基于表位的疫苗诱导交叉保护性流感病毒特异性免疫反应的新途径。
Influenza A viruses belong to the best studied viruses, however no effective prevention against influenza infection has been developed. The emerging of still new escape variants of influenza A viruses causing epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics represents a threat for human population. Therefore, current, hot task of influenza virus research is to look for a way how to get us closer to a universal vaccine. Combination of chosen conserved antigens inducing cross-protective antibody response with epitopes activating also cross-protective cytotoxic T-cells would offer an attractive strategy for improving protection against drift variants of seasonal influenza viruses and reduces the impact of future pandemic strains. Antigenically conserved fusion-active subunit of hemagglutinin (HA2 gp) and ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (eM2) are promising candidates for preparation of broadly protective HA2- or eM2-based vaccine that may aid in pandemic preparedness. Overall protective effect could be achieved by contribution of epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that have been studied extensively to reach much broader control of influenza infection. In this review we present the state-of-art in this field. We describe known adaptive immune mechanisms mediated by influenza specific B- and T-cells involved in the anti-influenza immune defense together with the contribution of innate immunity. We discuss the mechanisms of neutralization of influenza infection mediated by antibodies, the role of CTL in viral elimination and new approaches to develop epitope based vaccine inducing cross-protective influenza virus-specific immune response.