Social Media Response and Crisis Communications in Active Shootings during COVID-19 Pandemic
Social Media Response and Crisis Communications in Active Shootings during COVID-19 Pandemic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trip.2021.100420
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. A. Rusho;Ashraf Ahmed;A. M. Sadri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. A. Rusho;Ashraf Ahmed;A. M. Sadri
由于社区比以往任何时候都更频繁地受到威胁，作为一种人为危害的主动射击仍然是一个未解决的挑战。作为应对此类危机的传统方法的一种低成本替代方法，数据驱动方法可帮助确定更有针对性的应对战略，并指导做出更知情的决策。最近，社交媒体平台帮助研究人员和从业人员提供了足够的细节和覆盖面，以了解社区如何通过社交媒体互动应对自然灾害。然而，经验文献并没有提供任何全面的指导，通过社交媒体互动观察到的公众对主动枪击事件的反应。这项研究采用了整体数据分析方法，从Twitter收集了大规模的社交媒体数据（约252 K tweets，04.17.20-05.20.20）。二零二零年新斯科舍省斯科舍袭击事件是在此期间观察到的主要枪击事件之一，此外，人们还因COVID-19大流行而经历了前所未有的经历。这项研究使用了几种自然语言处理和数据挖掘方法（如时间热图，单词二元组和主题挖掘）来聚类活跃枪击事件的社交媒体危机传播模式，并创建在此类事件发生后观察到的各种需求，关注和反应的信息图。关键的互动包括保释枪手、枪击事件调查、警方应对、枪支暴力、从以前的学校（桑迪胡克）和大规模枪击事件（埃尔帕索）中吸取的教训、车辆撞击（多伦多货车袭击）、流动性问题以及COVID-19大流行期间的健康问题、经济和教育系统的变化。这项研究将使第一反应者和应急管理官员能够提高社会共享平台的能力，并促进在无通知情况下的风险沟通。此外，信息图可以在未来的主动射击场景中作为数据字典，以最大限度地提高同行的影响力。
Active shooting, a man-made hazard, remains an unsolved challenge as communities get threatened more frequently than ever before. As a low-cost alternative to the traditional approaches of responding to such crisis, data-driven approaches can help to identify more tailored response strategies and guide towards more informed decision-making. Recently, social media platforms helped researchers and practitioners with sufficient details and coverage to understand how communities respond to natural hazards through social media interactions. However, the empirical literature does not provide any comprehensive guidance on public reactions to active shootings as observed through social media interactions. This study adopted a holistic data analytics approach to collect large-scale social media data from Twitter (~252 K tweets, 04.17.20–05.20.20). The 2020Nova Scotia Attackswere among the major shooting events observed during this period in addition to the unprecedented experiences people were having due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used several natural language processing and data mining approaches (such as temporal heatmaps, word bigrams, and topic mining) to cluster the social media crisis communication patterns of active shootings and create infographics of the diverse needs, concerns, and reactions observed in the aftermath of such events. Key interactions include bailing out of shooters, shooting investigation, police response, gun violence, lessons learned from the previous school (Sandy Hook) and mass shootings (El Paso),vehicle ramming (Toronto Van Attack),mobility issues, and health concerns during COVID-19 pandemic,changes in economy and education systems. This study would allow first responders and emergency management officials to enhance the capacity of social sharing platforms and facilitate risk communication in no-notice scenarios. Additionally, the infographics could serve as a data dictionary in future active shooting scenarios to maximize peer influence.