Coastal protection using building with nature concept: A case study from Chongming Dongtan Shoal, China
Coastal protection using building with nature concept: A case study from Chongming Dongtan Shoal, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s13131-021-1761-y
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Z. Chong;Min Zhang;J. Wen;Luyang Wang;J. Mi;J. Bricker;Stanley Nmor;Z. Dai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Chong;Min Zhang;J. Wen;Luyang Wang;J. Mi;J. Bricker;Stanley Nmor;Z. Dai
随着气候变化和海平面上升，沿海地区的洪水风险正在恶化。先前的研究已经表明传统的硬工程结构（例如，由于土地沉降和维修不足等问题，海堤和堤坝（例如海堤和堤坝）对减轻洪水影响的作用有限。为弥补这一缺陷，采用野外实测和数值模拟相结合的方法，对盐沼海岸防护的“自然建筑理念”进行了研究。基于情景模拟，从减少洪水面积和经济效益两个方面论证了盐沼相对于传统海堤在防洪方面的优势。结果表明，潮汐湿地是必不可少的，即使在风暴条件下，在减轻显着的波高（Hs）和流速。9711号台风期间崇明东滩盐沼对风暴波和海流的减速率分别约为11%和51%。2010年的实测结果表明，海三棱藨草对波浪和水流的减缓效果优于互花米草和芦苇，其波浪和水流的减缓速度分别为0.3 m和0.2 m/s、0.125 m和0.155 m/s、0.086 m和0.128 m/s/km宽。CMDS上的夏季盐沼面积为54.2 km 2，可保护海堤后约32 km 2的陆地面积免受洪水侵袭，相当于海堤加高约0.42 m，以缓解洪水。成本效益分析表明，基于自然的解决方案（即，盐沼恢复）与传统的硬工程解决方案（即，海堤建设）。因此，在未来的海岸重新设计和维护中，应实施与自然结合的海堤建设，例如混合防洪措施。
With climate change and rising sea levels, the coastal zone’s flood risk is deteriorating. Previous researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures (e.g., seawall, dikes) on flood mitigation due to problems such as land subsidence and insufficient maintenance. To remedy the defects, the “building with nature concept” for coastal protection with saltmarshes was examined by combining field measurements and numerical simulations. The advantages of saltmarsh over traditional seawall on flood protection was demonstrated from the perspective of both flood area mitigation and economic gain, based on scenario simulations. Results show that tidal wetlands are essential in mitigating significant wave heights (Hs) and current velocities even during storm conditions. The storm wave and current velocity reduction ratio (RRwandRRc) by saltmarshes on Chongming Dongtan Shoal (CMDS) during Typhoon 9711 is approximately 11% and 51%, respectively. The wave and current mitigation byScirpus mariqueterare more efficient thanSpartina alternifloraandPhragmites australisduring measurements in 2010, which were approximately 0.3 m and 0.2 m/s, 0.125 m and 0.155 m/s, 0.086 m and 0.128 m/s per kilometer width, respectively. The summer saltmarsh area 54.2 km2on CMDS protects approximately 32 km2land area behind the seawall from being flooded, equivalent to the seawall heightening of approximately 0.42 m on equivalent flood mitigation. The performance of cost-and-benefit analysis shows a relatively higher (by 3%–7%) net present value (NPV) and a higher (by 1.5 times) benefit-cost ratio (BC) of nature-based solution (i.e., saltmarsh restoration) compared with traditional hard engineering solution (i.e., seawall construction). Thus, building seawall with nature, such as a hybrid flood protection measure, should be implemented in the future coastal redesign and maintenance.