Ribonucleoprotein particles in cellular processes.
Ribonucleoprotein particles in cellular processes.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.106.5.1419
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发表时间：
1988-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mattaj IW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dreyfuss G;Philipson L;Mattaj IW
真核生物遗传信息表达途径的一般思维方式，即从DNA到RNA再到蛋白质，灌输了一种以蛋白质为中心的观点，似乎蛋白质才是真实的目标，而RNA只是中间产物。事实上，细胞中的大部分RNA不是mRNA，而是模块结构的一部分，RNA-蛋白质机器，称为核糖核蛋白（RNP）颗粒或核糖核蛋白复合物。核糖体是这种复合体的一个众所周知的例子。新的和令人惊讶的是发现了RNP颗粒的巨大多样性，复杂性和多功能性，这反映在它们参与的广泛的细胞过程中。RNP参与真核生物中基因表达途径的每一个沿着步骤，mRNA通过内含子剪接由前体转录物（hnRNA或pre-mRNA）形成，并转运至细胞质，在细胞质中每种RNA都需要积累至精确水平，以产生正确量的特定蛋白质。在过去的几年里，已经出现的是，参与加工前mRNA的关键成分是独特的小RNA（snRNA）与特定蛋白质，小核核糖核蛋白颗粒（snRNP）的复合物。核前体转录物本身实际上也是RNP，与特定蛋白质hnRNP蛋白复合，与mRNP蛋白相关的细胞质mRNA也是如此。蛋白质合成机器的一部分，特别是核糖体，也是蛋白质与RNA的复合物。信使RNA及其前体hnRNA分子与细胞中特定蛋白质组的持续和动态关联强调了理解这些hnRNP和mRNP复合物的分子性质的重要性。来自许多实验室的最新工作已经导致发现了许多额外的RNP颗粒，其参与了意想不到的多种细胞过程，包括蛋白质靶向、线粒体DNA合成的引发和转录终止（参见表I）。在这里，我们回顾了一些最新的研究结果的结构，组成和功能的RNP颗粒在真核细胞。核糖体、mRNP和病毒RNP不在此讨论。此外，由于在过去的两年中已经发表了几篇讨论前mRNA加工的综述（1-6），我们将讨论限制在这个快速发展的领域中的最新数据。
THE general way of thinking about the pathway of expression of genetic information in eukaryotes, from DNA to protein via RNA, instills a protein-centric point of view, as if the protein is the real goal and the RNA is just the intermediate. In fact, most of the RNA in the cell is not mRNA but rather part of modular structures, RNA-protein machines, that are termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles or ribonucleoprorein complexes. The ribosome is one well-known example of such a complex. What is new and surprising is the discovery of the tremendous variety, complexity, and versatility of RNP particles which is reflected by the wide range of cellular processes in which they are involved. RNPs are involved in each step along the pathway of gene expression in eukaryotes, mRNAs are formed from precursor transcripts (hnRNAs or pre-mRNAs) by splicing of introns, and transported to the cytoplasm where each needs to accumulate to the precise level that will produce the correct amount of the particular protein. What has emerged over the past few years is that key components involved in processing pre-mRNA are complexes of unique small RNAs (snRNAs) with specific proteins, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). The nuclear precursor transcripts themselves are in fact also RNPs, being complexed with specific proteins, the hnRNP proteins, as are cytoplasmic mRNAs which are associated with the mRNP proteins. Parts of the protein synthetic machinery, particularly ribosomes, are also complexes of proteins with RNA. The continual and dynamic association of messenger RNAs and their precursor hnRNA molecules with specific sets of proteins in the cell underscores the importance of understanding the molecular nature of these hnRNP and mRNP complexes. Recent work from numerous laboratories has led to the discovery of many additional RNP particles that are involved in an unexpected variety of cellular processes including protein targeting, priming of mitochondrial DNA synthesis, and transcription termination (see Table I). Here we review some of the most recent findings on the structure, composition, and function of RNP particles in the eukaryotic cell. Ribosomes, mRNPs, and viral RNPs are not discussed here. Also, since several reviews (1-6) have been published over the last two years that discuss pre-mRNA processing, we confine the discussion to only the most recent data in this rapidly advancing field.
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影响因子：
7.8
作者：
GILMORE, R;WALTER, P;BLOBEL, G
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11.4
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