Structural and energetic basis of ALS-causing mutations in the atypical proline–tyrosine nuclear localization signal of the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS)

Structural and energetic basis of ALS-causing mutations in the atypical proline–tyrosine nuclear localization signal of the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS)
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1207247109
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发表时间:
2012-07
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Z. Zhang;Y. Chook
Z. Zhang;Y. Chook
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Z. Zhang;Y. Chook

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肉瘤融合蛋白 (FUS) 的脯氨酸/酪氨酸核定位信号 (PY-NLS) 突变会导致肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)。在这里,我们报告了与其核输入受体 Karyopherinβ2(Kapβ2;也称为转运蛋白)结合的 FUS PY-NLS 的晶体结构。 FUS PY-NLS 占据结构不变的 Kapβ2 C 端拱,其路径与其他特征性 PY-NLS 类似。与其他通常以完全延伸构象结合 Kapβ2 的 PY-NLS 不同,FUS 肽是非典型的,因为其中心部分形成 2.5 转 α 螺旋。 FUS PY-NLS 的 Kapβ2 结合表位由 N 端 PGKM 疏水基序、中央富含精氨酸的 α 螺旋和 C 端 PY 基序组成。 ALS 突变几乎只出现在这些表位内。每个 ALS 突变位点与 Kapβ2 多次接触,这些残基的突变会将与 Kapβ2 的结合亲和力降低多达九倍(野生型 FUS PY-NLS 的 KD 为 9.5 nM)。 FUS PY-NLS 中 ALS 突变的热力学分析表明,FUS-Kapβ2 结合亲和力的减弱、细胞质错误定位的程度和 ALS 疾病的严重程度是相关的。
Mutations in the proline/tyrosine–nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) of the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we report the crystal structure of the FUS PY-NLS bound to its nuclear import receptor Karyopherinβ2 (Kapβ2; also known as Transportin). The FUS PY-NLS occupies the structurally invariant C-terminal arch of Kapβ2, tracing a path similar to that of other characterized PY-NLSs. Unlike other PY-NLSs, which generally bind Kapβ2 in fully extended conformations, the FUS peptide is atypical as its central portion forms a 2.5-turn α-helix. The Kapβ2-binding epitopes of the FUS PY-NLS consist of an N-terminal PGKM hydrophobic motif, a central arginine-rich α-helix, and a C-terminal PY motif. ALS mutations are found almost exclusively within these epitopes. Each ALS mutation site makes multiple contacts with Kapβ2 and mutations of these residues decrease binding affinities for Kapβ2 (KD for wild-type FUS PY-NLS is 9.5 nM) up to ninefold. Thermodynamic analyses of ALS mutations in the FUS PY-NLS show that the weakening of FUS-Kapβ2 binding affinity, the degree of cytoplasmic mislocalization, and ALS disease severity are correlated.