Age- and dementia-associated impairments in divided attention: psychological constructs, animal models, and underlying neuronal mechanisms.
Age- and dementia-associated impairments in divided attention: psychological constructs, animal models, and underlying neuronal mechanisms.
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与年龄和痴呆相关的注意力分散障碍：心理结构、动物模型和潜在的神经元机制。
DOI：
10.1159/000048633
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Turchi,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarter,M;Turchi,J
下面简要描述的心理结构“分散注意力”，分散注意力和相关的执行功能的障碍进行了讨论，作为年龄和痴呆相关的认知障碍的发展和表现的主要变量。人类的神经心理学和功能成像研究表明，背外侧和腹外侧前额叶，扣带回，顶叶和运动前皮质区参与调解双重任务的表现。此外，这些区域的活动减少被认为是在分散注意力中介导与年龄和痴呆相关的损伤。动物实验研究提供了强有力的支持的假设，胆碱能预测终止于所有皮层区域和层至关重要的介导的税收处理能力和/或处理资源的分配竞争的需求的任务中的性能。这种规范的'胆碱能假说'的评价，根据最近的关键帐户的作用，该系统在发展中的年龄和痴呆相关的认知障碍。汇聚动物实验和人类神经病理学，以及神经心理学，证据表明，减少皮质胆碱能输入的完整性是一个必要的，甚至可能是足够的，神经元的过程介导的损伤分散注意力和由此产生的，广泛的认知功能下降。
Following a brief description of the psychological construct ‘divided attention’, impairments in divided attention and related executive functions are discussed as the major variable in the development and manifestation of age- and dementia-associated cognitive impairments. Neuropsychological and functional imaging studies in humans have indicated that dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal, cingulate, parietal and premotor cortical areas are involved in the mediation of dual task performance. Furthermore, reduced activity in these areas has been suggested to mediate age- and dementia-associated impairments in divided attention. Experimental studies in animals have provided strong support for the hypothesis that cholinergic projections terminating in all cortical areas and layers crucially mediate the performance in tasks that tax processing capacity and/or the allocation of processing resources to competing demands. This specification of the ‘cholinergic hypothesis’ is evaluated in light of recent critical accounts of the role of this system in the development of age- and dementia- related cognitive disorders. The converging animal experimental and human neuropathological, as well as neuropsychological, evidence indicates that decreases in the integrity of cortical cholinergic inputs represent a necessary, possibly even sufficient, neuronal process mediating the impairments in divided attention and the resulting, broad decline in cognitive functions.