Poor people in poor places: Local opportunity structures and household poverty
Poor people in poor places: Local opportunity structures and household poverty
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1549-0831.2002.tb00118.x
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Cotter, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cotter, DA
对贫困的描述通常分为“个人主义”和“结构主义”两大阵营。这些观点往往被视为不可调和和不相容的竞争观点。本文整合了个人主义和结构主义对贫困的解释，通过考察非大都市和大都市劳动力市场中“个人贫困”和“地方贫困”之间的关系，提出了一个多层次的框架。本文从劳动力市场生态学的视角，构建了贫困生产与分配的一般模型。在讨论了这一观点后，我开发了一个多层次的框架，用于分析1990年人口普查的ESS-L样本，STF-3C和其他来源的数据，以显示成分和背景因素如何影响家庭的可能性处于贫困状态。这些多层次模型还使我们能够估计劳动力市场条件对家庭劳动力供给特征的影响程度。结果表明，成分和背景因素都有助于贫困率的metro-nonmetro差异，就业的影响根据劳动力市场的特点而有所不同。
Accounts of poverty generally fall into either "individualist" or "structuralist" camps. Often these are seen as irreconcilable and incompatible competing perspectives. This paper integrates individualist and structuralist accounts of poverty by examining the relationship between "person poverty" and "place poverty" in nommetropolitan and metropolitan labor markets, rising a multilevel framework. I fashion a general model of poverty production and allocation, drawing on the labor market ecology perspective. After a discussion of this perspective, I develop a multilevel framework for analyzing data from the 1990 Census PUMS-L sample, STF-3c, and other sources to show how compositional and contextual factors affect households' likelihoods of being in poverty. These multilevel models also allow us to estimate the degree to which labor market conditions influence the magnitude of household labor supply characteristics. Results suggest that both compositional and contextual factors contribute to the metro-nonmetro difference in poverty rates, and that the effects of employment vary in accordance with labor market characteristics.