The fluid dynamics of flight control by kinematic phase lag variation between two robotic insect wings
The fluid dynamics of flight control by kinematic phase lag variation between two robotic insect wings
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.01319
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lehmann, FO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maybury, WJ;Lehmann, FO
用两对翅膀飞行的昆虫必须与拍打着的后翅上掠过的前翅尾流作斗争。一些四翼昆虫，如蜻蜓，每个翅膀独立移动，因此可能会改变前翼和后翼冲程周期之间的相对时间。在飞行动物中，改变前后翼冲程运动学之间的相位关系对总升力产生的影响很难评估，因为翼尾干扰的影响主要取决于两个拍打的翅膀产生的复杂尾流模式。在这里，我们调查的影响，改变前，后翼冲程相位关系，在悬停飞行条件下，每个扑翼的气动性能，通过使用动态缩放的机电昆虫模型。通过改变前翼和后翼冲程循环之间的相对pbase差，我们发现前翼的性能保持近似恒定，而后翼升力产生可能变化两倍。后翼升力调制似乎是由于两种不同的流体动力学现象：前缘涡破坏和局部流矢量强度和方向的变化。出乎意料的是，当后翼的运动领先前翼大约四分之一的行程周期时，后翼恢复了接近机翼的气动性能，不受前翼尾流干扰。后翅和前翅之间的这种运动学关系与蝗虫和一些蜻蜓在攀爬和向前飞行中通常使用的相移非常匹配。实验支持以前的假设，积极的神经肌肉控制的前，后翼中风阶段可能使蜻蜓和其他功能四翼昆虫操纵同侧飞行力的生产，而无需进一步改变翼拍运动学。
Insects flying with two pairs of wings must contend with the forewing wake passing over the beating hindwing. Some four-winged insects, such as dragonflies, move each wing independently and therefore may alter the relative timing between the fore- and hindwing stroke cycles. The significance of modifying the phase relationship between fore- and hindwing stroke kinematics on total lift production is difficult to assess in the flying animal because the effect of wing-wake interference critically depends on the complex wake pattern produced by the two beating wings. Here we investigate the effect of changing the fore- and hindwing stroke-phase relationship during hovering flight conditions on the aerodynamic performance of each flapping wing by using a dynamically scaled electromechanical insect model. By varying the relative pbase difference between fore- and hindwing stroke cycles we found that the performance of the forewing remains approximately constant, while hindwing lift production may vary by a factor of two. Hindwing lift modulation appears to be due to two different fluid dynamic phenomenons: leading edge vortex destruction and changes in strength and orientation of the local flow vector. Unexpectedly, the hindwing regains aerodynamic performance near to that of the wing free from forewing wake interference, when the motion of the hindwing leads the forewing by around a quarter of the stroke cycle. This kinematic relationship between hind- and forewing closely matches the phase-shift commonly used by locusts and some dragonflies in climbing and forward flight. The experiments support previous assumptions that active neuromuscular control of fore- and hindwing stroke phase might enable dragonflies and other functionally four-winged insects to manipulate ipsilateral flight force production without further changes in wing beat kinematics.