Repeatability in spring arrival dates in Pied Flycatchers varies among years and sexes
Repeatability in spring arrival dates in Pied Flycatchers varies among years and sexes
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DOI：
10.5253/arde.v104i1.a1
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Ouwehand, Janne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Both, Christiaan;Bijlsma, Rob G.;Ouwehand, Janne
在长途迁徙中，到达的时间可能会产生适应性的后果：过早到达会损害生存机会，而太迟到达会降低当前的繁殖成功率。因此，进化可能偏爱在最佳时间出现的表型。然而，长距离迁徙物种种群中的个体在相当长的时间跨度内到达，并且通常在他们是早还是晚方面表现出一致性。这种到达的可重复性在不同的研究之间存在差异，我们假设它受到途中或冬季遇到的条件的影响。在这里，我们报告的春天到达日期的花斑凤蝶Ficedula hypoleuca他们的荷兰繁殖地在连续八年。我们的现场估计到达是高度准确的，验证了地理定位器数据的13个人。不同年份的平均抵达日期不同。在年份和性别内，到达日期一般跨越两周以上。第一年的人平均比年长的人晚4-5天到达。使用超过500个个体的重复到达日期，我们表明：（1）女性和男性的总体到达重复率相似，（2）到达重复率随时间变化，连续几年的个体有时具有中等（R = 0.2），有时相当高（>0.40）的重复率，（3）女性个体在第一年比第二年晚到达。在女性，到达和产卵日期的重复性是相似的。我们假设，个别flyccatchers有一个很高的个人一致性，在他们的春季迁徙出发日期从越冬的理由。然而，以前的研究表明，这种个人时间表的表达受到越冬地的环境条件或途中遇到的情况的影响，确定这种变化是否仍然存在于到达繁殖地。性别似乎在这方面有所不同，作为年复一年的变化，重复性的时间被解释为个人的一致性，女性，但不是在男性。我们讨论的相关性所观察到的变化时，环境变化的进化反应的潜力。
Timing of arrival in long-distance migration could have fitness consequences: arrival too early impairs survival chances, whereas arrival too late reduces current reproductive success. Evolution thus may have favoured a phenotype that arrived at the optimal time. However, individuals within populations of long-distance migrant species arrive over a considerable time span, and often show consistency in whether they are early or late. This repeatability in arrival varies between studies, and we hypothesise it to be affected by conditions encountered en route or in winter. Here we report on the spring arrival dates of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca to their Dutch breeding sites during eight consecutive years. Our field estimates of arrival were highly accurate, as validated by geolocator data on 13 individuals. Years differed in mean arrival dates. Within years and sexes, arrival date generally spanned more than two weeks. First-year individuals arrived on average 4-5 days later than older individuals. Using repeated arrival dates of more than 500 individuals we show that (1) the overall arrival repeatabilities were similar for females and males, (2) arrival repeatabilities varied temporally, with individuals in consecutive years having sometimes moderate (R = 0.2) and sometimes rather high (>0.40) repeatabilities, and (3) individual females arrived later in their first than in their second year. In females, repeatabilities of arrival and laying dates were similar. We hypothesize that individual flycatchers have a high individual consistency in their spring migration departure date from the wintering grounds. However, previous studies suggest the expression of this individual schedule to be affected by environmental circumstances at the wintering grounds or by what is encountered en route, determining whether this variation is still present at arrival on the breeding grounds. Sexes seemed to differ in this respect, as year-to-year variation in repeatabilities of timing was explained by individual consistency in females, but not in males. We discuss the relevance of the observed variation for the potential for an evolutionary response when environments change.