Alien insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands
Alien insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands
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DOI：
10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Landry, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Causton, CE;Peck, SB;Landry, B
外来物种是对卡尔帕戈斯群岛保护的主要威胁，但人们对非土著卡尔帕戈斯昆虫的地位及其对生物群的影响知之甚少。目前，可能有463种外来昆虫物种被引入到卡尔德帕戈斯，自1998年的一份清单以来，增加了186种无意引入的物种。外来昆虫现在占昆虫总数的23%。已知有六种物种是入侵性的，对生物群构成威胁：两种火蚁和两种黄蜂，一种介壳虫和一种外寄生双翅目昆虫。其余物种的生态影响尚不清楚，因此难以确定养护管理行动的优先次序。因此，提出了一个新开发的和简单的评分系统来预测其潜在的入侵的基础上的营养功能的作用，分布在Galdpagos，和历史的入侵其他地方。另有52个物种预计是高度入侵的。当地特有的植物群是最危险的，因为引进物种的最大比例（42%）是食草动物。植物种群的威胁主要来自植物疾病的媒介以及韧皮部和食叶者。引入的捕食者和寄生物（17%）可能会影响或有可能影响陆生无脊椎动物种群的状况。至少有10%的物种被认为对加拉帕戈斯生态系统的威胁可以忽略不计。
Alien species are the principal threat to the conservation of the Caldpagos Islands, but little is known about the status of nonindigenous Galdpagos insects and their effects on the biota. Currently, 463 alien insect species have probably been introduced to the Caldpagos, an increase of 186 unintentional species introductions since an inventory in 1998. Alien insects now constitute 23% of the total insect fauna. Six species are known to be invasive and a threat to the biota: two species of fire ant and two wasps, a scale insect, and an ectoparasitic dipteran. The ecological impacts of the remaining species are unknown, making the prioritization of action for conservation management difficult. Thus, a newly developed and simple scoring system is presented to predict their potential invasiveness based on trophic functional role, distribution in Galdpagos, and history of invasiveness elsewhere. An additional 52 species are predicted to be highly invasive. The endemic flora is most at risk because the largest proportion (42%) of the introduced species is herbivores. Plant populations are threatened principally by vectors of plant disease and by phloem and leaf feeders. Introduced predators and parasitoids (17%) may either be affecting, or have the potential to affect, the status of terrestrial invertebrate populations. At least 10% of the species are considered to be negligible threats to Galdpagos ecosystems.