Improving soil respiration while maintaining soil C stocks in sunken plastic greenhouse vegetable production systems – Advantages of straw application and drip fertigation
Improving soil respiration while maintaining soil C stocks in sunken plastic greenhouse vegetable production systems – Advantages of straw application and drip fertigation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2021.107464
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发表时间：
2021-08
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通讯作者：
Yafang Wang;M. Dannenmann;Shan Lin;Haofeng Lv;Guoyuan Li;X. Lian;Zhengxiang Wang;Jin-gui Wang;K. Butterbach‐Bahl
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作者：
Yafang Wang;M. Dannenmann;Shan Lin;Haofeng Lv;Guoyuan Li;X. Lian;Zhengxiang Wang;Jin-gui Wang;K. Butterbach‐Bahl
下沉式塑料大棚蔬菜生产（SGVP）缺乏肥沃的表层土壤，加上高温高湿，导致土壤有机碳（SOC）储量较低。这限制了蔬菜作物在SGVP中的快速生长，因为低SOC沿着着土壤保水和养分能力的降低。它还导致低土壤呼吸，导致冬季作物生长季节室内CO2限制。在我们的实验中，我们探讨了滴灌施肥是否可能导致土壤呼吸活性的改善，特别是当玉米秸秆被纳入土壤中。为了解决这些问题，在四个生长季节进行了四个处理的双因素田间试验。处理为常规漫灌+过量施肥（CIF）、CIF +玉米秸秆（CIF + S）、滴灌+减量施肥（DIF）、DIF +玉米秸秆（DIF + S）。与CIF相比，DIF显著提高了水分和氮素利用效率，分别为93%和296%。不秸秆还田条件下，CIF和DIF的CO2累积排放量显著低于植株的同化碳排放量，而秸秆还田条件下（CIF + S和DIF + S）则相反。DIF的结果在土壤呼吸率降低，主要是由于显着减少矿化的本地SOC股票相比CIF。示踪添加秸秆进入土壤有机碳的δ 13 C特征表明，DIF比CIF导致更多的秸秆来源的C进入土壤。结果表明，秸秆还田是一种既能满足蔬菜光合作用对CO2的需求，又能维持土壤有机碳储量的适宜措施。然而，经过测试和广泛推荐的秸秆施用量3.5 t C ha− 1似乎仍然太低，无法扭转SOC储量净矿化的趋势。因此，我们的研究结果需要有针对性的实验，以优化秸秆添加量，并在田间试验中探索，如果混合秸秆和生物炭产生的蔬菜残渣的应用，是一个合适的方式来提高土壤健康的SGVP系统。
The absence of fertile surface soil combined with high temperature and moisture in sunken plastic greenhouse vegetable production (SGVP) leads to low soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. This limits the rapid growth of vegetable crops in SGVP as low SOC goes along with a low capacity of soils for water and nutrient retention. It also results in low soil respiration, which leads to indoor CO2limitations during the winter crop growing season. In our experiments we explored if drip fertigation might lead to an improvement of soil respiratory activity, specifically when maize straw is incorporated additionally into the soil. To address these questions, a two-factor field experiment with four treatments was conducted across four growing seasons. The treatments are (1) Conventional flood irrigation with over fertilization (CIF), (2) CIF + maize straw (CIF + S), (3) Drip irrigation with reduced fertilization (DIF), (4) DIF + maize straw (DIF + S). Compared to CIF, DIF significantly increased water and nitrogen use efficiency by 93% and 296%, respectively. Moreover, cumulated CO2emission was significantly lower than assimilated carbon in plant for both CIF and DIF without straw incorporation, but the opposite result was obtained when straw was added (CIF + S and DIF + S). DIF results in reduced rates of soil respiration, mainly due to significantly reduced mineralization of autochthonous SOC stocks as compared CIF. Tracing the δ13C signature of added straw into the SOC indicated that DIF leads to a larger incorporation of straw-derived C into soil than CIF. Our results show that adding straw is a suitable measure for both to meet the CO2demand of vegetable photosynthesis and to maintain SOC stocks associated soil functions. However, the tested and widely recommended straw application rate of 3.5 t C ha−1appears to be still too low to reverse the trend of a net mineralization of SOC stocks. Thus, our results call for targeted experiments to optimize the amount of straw addition and to explore in field experiments if the application of mixed straw and biochar produced from vegetable residues, are a suitable way forward to increase soil health of SGVP systems.