Top-down control of attention: it's gradual, practice-dependent, and hierarchically organized.

Top-down control of attention: it's gradual, practice-dependent, and hierarchically organized.
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自上而下的注意力控制:它是渐进的、依赖实践的、分层组织的

DOI:
10.1037/a0027629
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Müller
Müller
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zehetleitner;Goschy;Müller

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当搜索“弹出”目标时,在某些情况下可以减少甚至避免来自显著但不相关的干扰。本文通过五项实验,进一步了解了自上而下干扰消减的三个不同方面:第一,不同的搜索模式是否能解释不同的消减模式;第二,分心物的练习是否在减少中起因果作用;第三,具体的减少是怎样的,也就是说,内维干扰物的干扰是否能像跨维干扰物的干扰一样有效地减少。研究结果表明,干扰减少并不完全依赖于特征搜索模式的实现,而是依赖于干扰物的实践,即获得有效的抑制策略。此外,他们还提出,干扰减少是基于分层组织的特征加权(“维度加权”),而不是完全独立的特征加权。
When searching for a “pop-out” target, interference from a salient but irrelevant distractor can be reduced or even prevented under certain circumstances. Here, five experiments were conducted to further our understanding of three different aspects of top-down interference reduction: first, whether or not qualitatively different search modes can account for different reduction patterns; second, whether distractor practice plays a causal role in reduction; and third, how specific reduction is, that is, whether interference by intradimensional distractors can be reduced as effectively as interference by cross-dimensional distractors. The results provide evidence that interference reduction does not critically depend on the implementation of a feature search mode, but rather on practice with the distractor, that is, the acquisition of an effective suppression strategy. In addition, they suggest that interference reduction is based on hierarchically organized feature weighting (“dimension weighting”), rather than on completely independent feature weighting.
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