Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis
Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis
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性别：历史分析的一个有用类别
DOI：
10.1086/ahr/91.5.1053
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Scott
谁会把单词的意思编纂下来，谁就会输掉这场战斗，因为单词，就像它们根本不想表达的思想和事物一样，是有历史的。无论是牛津大学还是法兰西学院，都没有完全能够阻止这股潮流，捕捉和修复不受辉南发明和想象力影响的记忆。玛丽·沃特利·蒙塔古故意误用了语法上的指代，为她诙谐地谴责“公平的性别”(“我对这种性别唯一的安慰是保证永远不会和他们中的任何一个人打交道”)增添了刺激性的味道。‘千百年来，人们通过使用语法术语来比喻来唤起性格或性取向的特征。例如，《法兰西语言词典》在1876年提供的用法是：“on ne sait de quel genre il est，sedit d‘un homnme tres-cache，don on ne conait pas les sentiments.”2和格拉德斯通在1878年作出了这样的区分：“除了性别，雅典娜没有任何性爱，最近，女权主义者以一种更直接、更严肃的方式，开始使用“性别”来指代两性关系的社会组织。最近，女权主义者在词典或社会科学百科全书中都没有找到这个词。与语法的联系既明确又充满了未经检验的可能性。明确的，因为语法用法涉及正式
TH1OSE WHO WOULD CODIFY THE MEANINGS OF WORDS fight a losing battle, for words, like the ideas and things they are mneant to signify, have a history. Neither Oxford dons nor the Academie FranUaise have been entirely able to stem the tide, to capture and fix mneanings free of the play of huinan invention and imagination. Mary Wortley Montagu added bite to her witty denunciation "of the fair sex" ("my only consolation for being of that gender has been the assurance of never being mnarried to any one among them") by deliberately misusing the grammatical reference. ' Through the ages, people have made figurative allusions by employing gramnmnatical termns to evoke traits of character or sexuality. For example, the usage offered by the Dictionnaire de la langue francaise in 1876 was, "On ne sait de quel genre il est, s'il est mile ou femelle, se dit d'un homnme tres-cache, dont on ne connait pas les sentiments."2 And Gladstone made this distinction in 1878: "Athene has nothing of sex except the gender, nothing of the woman except the form."3 Most recently-too recently to find its way into dictionaries or the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences-feminists have in a imore literal and serious vein begun to use "gender" as a way of referring to the social organization of the relationship between the sexes. The connection to grammar is both explicit and full of unexamined possibilities. Explicit because the grammatical usage involves formal