Energetic and Physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales
Energetic and Physical limitations on the breaching performance of large whales
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.51760
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发表时间：
2020-03-11
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Goldbogen, Jeremy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Segre, Paolo S.;Potvin, Jean;Goldbogen, Jeremy A.
大型鲸鱼跃出水面所需的巨大力量可能是自然界中最昂贵的爆发动作。然而，与大型鲸鱼的破坏行为相关的力学和能量成本仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们部署了鲸鱼携带的标签来测量突破的运动学，以测试这些壮观的空中表演是代谢昂贵的假设。我们发现，突破鲸鱼使用可变的水下轨迹，并且高出现突破速度更快，需要更多的能量比掠食性弓步。最昂贵的破坏接近脊椎动物肌肉性能的上限，并且破坏的能量成本足够高，重复的破坏事件可以作为身体状况的诚实信号。此外，肌肉收缩特性、流体动力学和所需的高速可能会对鲸鱼的身体大小和有效性施加上限。
The considerable power needed for large whales to leap out of the water may represent the single most expensive burst maneuver found in nature. However, the mechanics and energetic costs associated with the breaching behaviors of large whales remain poorly understood. In this study we deployed whale-borne tags to measure the kinematics of breaching to test the hypothesis that these spectacular aerial displays are metabolically expensive. We found that breaching whales use variable underwater trajectories, and that high-emergence breaches are faster and require more energy than predatory lunges. The most expensive breaches approach the upper limits of vertebrate muscle performance, and the energetic cost of breaching is high enough that repeated breaching events may serve as honest signaling of body condition. Furthermore, the confluence of muscle contractile properties, hydrodynamics, and the high speeds required likely impose an upper limit to the body size and effectiveness of breaching whales.