Assessment of cognitive head recovery following sports related trauma in boxers
Assessment of cognitive head recovery following sports related trauma in boxers
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DOI：
10.1097/00042752-200301000-00005
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Relkin, NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ravdin, LD;Barr, WB;Relkin, NR
目的：前瞻性研究脑震荡运动相关头部创伤后一个月内认知功能的恢复情况。设计：对纽约州职业拳击手进行前瞻性研究，（在几天、一周和一个月内）一场职业比赛。设置：从纽约州体育委员会和当地拳击馆招募的男性职业运动员。参与者：26名有执照的职业拳击手入组该方案。数据呈现在18名参与者谁完成了测试的至少三个的四个时间点。干预措施：一系列神经心理学评估之前和之后的运动员从事competition.Main Outcome Measures：认知功能的神经心理学措施，包括新的学习和记忆，信息处理速度，和精神灵活性。测量MANOVAS揭示了在复杂信息处理和语言流畅性测试中受试者之间的显著差异。事后分析表明，时间1（基线）和时间4（一个月后）之间存在显著差异，回合后一个月的评分表明表现显著改善。整个测试的记忆分数没有显着变化，但是，以前的拳击暴露测量的总人数的专业bouts与较差的记忆performance.Conclusions：认知测试一个月后，在一个专业的拳击比赛的参与产生的分数提示恢复到一个高于基线的水平。我们的结论是，在高强度训练期间进行的基线评估可能会受到其他赛前条件的干扰（即，拳击，快速减肥，赛前焦虑），并不代表真正的基线能力。与轻度头部损伤相关的性能不稳定可能使损伤后评估的解释复杂化。实践的影响也可能混淆了系列评估的解释，导致低估了运动相关的头部创伤的影响。在假定的恢复期内，暴露于拳击运动（>12场职业比赛）的拳击手的认知表现是明显的。这一发现与重复性头部创伤的累积效应以及随后慢性创伤性脑损伤的发展的报告一致。这些数据对评估其他接触性运动的运动员头部受伤后的功能恢复以及确定受伤后的恢复有影响。
Objective: To prospectively examine recovery of cognitive function within one month following subconcussive sports related head trauma.Design: A prospective study of New York State licensed professional boxers,who underwent testing of cognitive functioning before and after (within days, one week, and one month) a professional bout.Setting: Male professional athletes recruited from the New York State Athletic Commission and local boxing gyms.Participants: Twenty-six licensed professional boxers were enrolled in the protocol. Data is presented on the 18 participants who completed testing on at least three of the four time points.Interventions: Serial neuropsychological assessment before and after the athletes engaged in competition.Main Outcome Measures: Neuropsychological measures of cognitive functioning, including new learning and memory, information processing speed, and mental flexibility.Results: A series of repeated. measures MANOVAS revealed significant within subject differences across testing on complex information processing and verbal fluency. Post hoc analyses indicated significant differences between time 1 (baseline) and time 4 (one month post), with scores one month following the bout indicating significantly improved performance. Memory scores did not change significantly across testing; however, prior boxing exposure measured by total number of professional bouts was associated with poorer memory performance.Conclusions: Cognitive testing one month following participation in a professional boxing bout yielded scores suggestive of recovery to a level above the baseline. We conclude that baseline assessment taken during periods of intense training are likely confounded by other pre-bout conditions (i.e., sparring, rapid weight loss, pre-bout anxiety) and do not represent true baseline abilities. Instability of performance associated with mild head injury may complicate the interpretation of post-injury assessments. Practice effects may also confound the interpretation of serial assessments, leading to underestimation of the effects of sports related head trauma. Poorer cognitive performance was evident during the presumed recovery period in boxers with greater exposure to the sport (>12 professional bouts). This finding is consistent with reports of a cumulative effect of repetitive head trauma and the subsequent development of chronic traumatic brain injury. These data have implications for assessing recovery of function following head injury in players of other contact sports as well as determination of return-to-play following an injury.