Guarding the perimeter: protection of the mucosa by tissue-resident memory T cells.
Guarding the perimeter: protection of the mucosa by tissue-resident memory T cells.
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粘膜组织不断受到试图进入人体的感染因子的轰击。这些组织周围缺乏坚硬的物理外层，这给免疫系统带来了独特的挑战，免疫系统通过特殊的适应性来增强这些脆弱部位的免疫力，设法提供广泛的保护，以抵御过多的不同生物体。例如，特定的记忆T淋巴细胞群存在于病原体进入人体的初始位置，在那里它们提供了重要的保护屏障。从各种局部感染恢复后，在身体的外边缘附近可以发现相似的解剖学限制的病原体特异性CD8 T细胞群，在那里它们具有非常相似的表型特征。这些组织驻留的T细胞是如何被保留在一个单一的解剖位置，从而促进免疫的，这一点正在开始被定义。在这里，我们将回顾目前的知识机制，帮助建立和维持这些局部淋巴细胞在粘膜组织和讨论相关数据，以提高我们的理解，这些淋巴细胞群的贡献，以保护免疫对传染病。
Mucosal tissues are continually bombarded with infectious agents seeking to gain entry into the body. The absence of a tough physical exterior layer surrounding these tissues creates a unique challenge for the immune system, which manages to provide broad protection against a plethora of different organisms with the aid of special adaptations that augment immunity at these vulnerable sites. For example, specialized populations of memory T lymphocytes reside at initial sites of pathogen entry into the body, where they provide an important protective barrier. Similar anatomically confined populations of pathogen-specific CD8 T cells can be found near the outer margins of the body following recovery from a variety of local infections, where they share very similar phenotypic characteristics. How these tissue-resident T cells are retained in a single anatomic location where they can promote immunity is beginning to be defined. Here, we will review current knowledge of the mechanisms that help establish and maintain these regional lymphocytes in the mucosal tissues and discuss relevant data that enhance our understanding of the contribution of these lymphocyte populations to protective immunity against infectious diseases.