Cognitive-Behavioral Divergence Is Greater Across Alternative Male Reproductive Phenotypes Than Between the Sexes in a Wild Wrasse
Cognitive-Behavioral Divergence Is Greater Across Alternative Male Reproductive Phenotypes Than Between the Sexes in a Wild Wrasse
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2022.929595
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发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Cummings;S. Marsh-Rollo;S. Alonzo
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Cummings;S. Marsh-Rollo;S. Alonzo
性选择是表型、行为和认知的强大多样性。在这里，我们比较了四个生殖表型（女性和三个替代男性）的野生捕获的眼斑隆头鱼（Symphodus ocellatus）的认知行为特征。性别和替代雄性表型都是由环境决定的，在第一年内发生性别决定，雄性在2年内在替代表型之间过渡（运动鞋到卫星或卫星到筑巢）。我们捕获了151眼斑隆头鱼，并对它们进行了不同的行为和认知试验（趋暗性，浅滩，和两个绕道到达任务）。我们发现，在不同的男性生殖表型之间的差异比性别之间的差异更大，在行为，解决问题，以及这些特征之间的关系。筑巢的雄性比其他雄性大胆得多，而运动鞋雄性解决问题的速度更快，是唯一表现出认知行为综合征的表型（大胆和解决问题的速度之间存在显著相关性）。将这些结果与先前测量的雄性性类固醇和压力激素相结合，表明筑巢和运动鞋男性代表不同的应对方式。我们的数据表明，在不同的男性表型之间转换需要的不仅仅是生理（大小和方向）和交配策略（偷偷摸摸与合作）的变化，而且还涉及认知行为和应对方式可塑性的重大转变。
Sexual selection is a powerful diversifier of phenotype, behavior and cognition. Here we compare cognitive-behavioral traits across four reproductive phenotypes (females and three alternative males) of wild-caught ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus). Both sex and alternative male phenotypes are environmentally determined with sex determination occuring within the first year, and males transition between alternative phenotypes across 2 years (sneaker to satellite or satellite to nesting). We captured 151 ocellated wrasse and tested them on different behavior and cognition assays (scototaxis, shoaling, and two detour-reaching tasks). We found greater divergence across alternative male reproductive phenotypes than differences between the sexes in behavior, problem-solving, and relationships between these traits. Nesting males were significantly less bold than others, while sneaker males were faster problem-solvers and the only phenotype to display a cognitive-behavioral syndrome (significant correlation between boldness and problem-solving speed). Combining these results with prior measurements of sex steroid and stress hormone across males, suggests that nesting and sneaker males represent different coping styles. Our data suggests that transitioning between alternative male phenotypes requires more than changes in physiology (size and ornamentation) and mating tactic (sneaking vs. cooperation), but also involves significant shifts in cognitive-behavioral and coping style plasticity.