Crop science experiments designed to inform crop modeling
Crop science experiments designed to inform crop modeling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.003
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发表时间：
2013-03-15
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Zaman-Allah, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craufurd, Peter Q.;Vadez, Vincent;Zaman-Allah, M.
作物生长模拟模型是评估环境、作物管理、遗传和育种策略以及气候变化和变异对生长和产量影响的有用工具。任何测量关键生理过程的作物科学实验，测试这些生产过程，它们与其他过程，环境以及种内和种间变异的相互作用，对于告知和完善作物模拟模型都是有价值的。本文重点介绍了三个关键领域的作物科学实验——作物发育、高温下的种子或果实坐果和水分利用，并举例说明了一些用于理解关键过程的实验，同样重要的是，以稳健和可重复的方式量化作物模型的这些过程。一种特别有用的实验方法是在不同环境或处理之间进行转移实验，以确定对光周期和温度（个体发育的主要驱动因素）有反应的发育阶段，并对温度极端和水分亏缺等非生物胁迫敏感。一旦确定了敏感阶段，就可以准确地量化反应和基因型差异。理解和模拟蒸腾作用，特别是影响蒸腾过程的基因型差异也是作物模拟的关键过程。本文还描述了控制蒸腾减少的土壤水分有效性阈值的基因型差异、蒸腾和蒸汽压亏缺（VPD）之间的关系以及土壤水分吸收模式的实验，以及本工作的新见解。利用作物科学实验改进模型——以及利用基因组学的进展——的最大限制之一是表型性状和生理机制的能力有限。大多数作物科学实验只量化了有限数量的基因型反应，而且基因型反应的多样性没有得到很好的体现。如今，对高质量表型分析的需求不断增加，这可以为基因组学和建模服务，并且迫切需要重新投资于作物生理学以获得高质量表型分析。(c) 2011 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Crop growth simulation models are a useful tool to assess the impact of environment, crop management, genetics and breeding strategies, as well as climate change and variability on growth and yield. Any crop science experiment that measures key physiological processes, tests these productive processes, their interaction with other processes, environment, and intra- and inter-specific variation, is valuable to inform and refine crop simulation models. This paper focuses on crop science experiments in three key areas-crop development, seed or fruit-set at high temperature, and water use-illustrating some of the experiments used to understand key processes and, equally importantly, quantify these processes for crop models in a robust and repeatable manner. One particularly useful experimental method for determining stages of development responsive to photoperiod and temperature (the main drivers of ontogenic development), and sensitive to abiotic stresses such as temperature extremes and water deficit, is transfer experiments between different environments or treatments. Once sensitive stages are defined, then responses and genotypic differences can be accurately quantified. Understanding and modeling transpiration, and particularly genotypic differences in processes affecting transpiration is also key process for crop modeling. Experiments to determine genotypic differences in soil water availability thresholds that control when transpiration is reduced, relations between transpiration and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and patterns of soil water uptake are also described along with new insights from this work. One of the biggest constraints to improving models with crop science experiments-and exploiting advances in genomics-is the limited capacity to phenotype traits and physiological mechanisms. Most crop science experiments have quantified responses in only a limited number of genotypes and the diversity of genotypic responses is not well represented. Today there is an increased demand for good quality phenotyping which can serve both genomics and modeling, and there is an urgent need to re-invest in crop physiology for high quality phenotyping. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.