Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts
Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.005
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Quaas, Martin F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Visbeck, Martin;Kronfeld-Goharani, Ulrike;Quaas, Martin F.
海洋调节着全球气候，为人类提供食物、材料、重要物质和能源等自然资源，是国际贸易和娱乐文化活动必不可少的场所。随着人类发展和经济增长，自由获取和提供海洋资源和服务对海洋系统造成了巨大压力，从过度捕捞、资源开采增加、沿海区改变到各种轻率的污染。经济理论和许多案例研究都表明，不存在“公地悲剧”，而是“开放获取的悲剧”。开放获取的结构很可能是不可持续的。需要进行国际合作和有效治理，以保护海洋环境和促进海洋资源的可持续利用，同时适当考虑到当代人的环境价值和后代人的需要。为此，制定和商定一个专门针对海洋和沿海地区的可持续发展目标（SDG）可能是一个必不可少的要素。新的可持续发展目标将建立在千年发展目标（MDGs）的基础上，并在2015年之前取代它们。确保一般意义上的环境可持续性是八项千年发展目标之一，但海洋问题没有得到明确处理。此外，在全球未来海洋空间规划（FOSP）进程中制定一套全面的海洋可持续性目标和有效指标，将有助于评估海洋系统的现状，诊断当前趋势，并为包容性，前瞻性和可持续的海洋治理提供信息。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no "tragedy of the commons" but a "tragedy of open access". With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.