Erosion and sedimentation on the Russian Plain, II: the history of erosion and sedimentation during the period of intensive agriculture
Erosion and sedimentation on the Russian Plain, II: the history of erosion and sedimentation during the period of intensive agriculture
复制标题
俄罗斯平原的侵蚀和沉积II：集约农业时期的侵蚀和沉积历史
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Golosov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aleksey Yurievich Sidorchuk;V. Golosov
俄罗斯平原斜坡上的片状、细沟和沟壑侵蚀过程受到与其他地方相同的因素的控制：覆盖、可侵蚀性、侵蚀性和地形。土地利用历史和这些生物物理因素的变化相结合，产生了该地区独特的侵蚀历史。侵蚀最严重的土壤发生在非黑土地区，尤其是存在草灰土的地方。自公元 1696 年以来，整个俄罗斯平原的山坡土壤流失了 99 × 109 立方米。在耕地中，82% 的面积失去了 10 厘米厚的土壤，11% 的面积失去了 10-20 厘米厚的土壤，约 1% 超过 40 厘米的土壤被侵蚀。在过去的300年里，大约形成了2×106条长度超过300 m的沟壑，动员了大约4×109 m3的沉积物。这些大量土壤中约有 97% 被重新沉积在平原上，而不是被输送到海洋中。沉积物对河道的影响在源头处最大，大量低阶河道已被完全填平。其中一些小山谷已积累了高达 5·6 m 的沉积物。版权所有 © 2003 约翰·威利父子有限公司
The processes of sheet, rill and gully erosion on the slopes of the Russian Plain are controlled by the same factors as elsewhere: cover, erodibility, erosivity and landform. The combination of land‐use history and variations in these bio‐physical factors produced a history of erosion that is unique to this area. The most eroded soils occur in the Non‐Black Earth area, especially where there are soddy‐podzolic soils. Over the entire Russian Plain, 99 × 109 m3 of soil have been lost from the slopes since AD 1696. On the arable land, a layer <10 cm thick has been lost from 82% of the area, a layer 10–20 cm thick has been removed from 11% of the area, and on about 1% of the area >40 cm has been eroded. About 2 × 106 gullies more than 300 m in length have formed during the last 300 years, mobilizing about 4 × 109 m3 of sediment. About 97% of this vast amount of soil has been redeposited on the plain rather than transported to the oceans. The effect of the sediment on stream channels has been greatest in the headwaters, where large numbers of low‐order channels have been completely infilled. Up to 5·6 m of sediment has accumulated in some of these small valleys. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.