Precipitation and Its Impact on Water Resources and Ecological Environment in Xinjiang Region
Precipitation and Its Impact on Water Resources and Ecological Environment in Xinjiang Region
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Lan Yong-chao
中科院分区：
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作者：
Lan Yong-chao
新疆维吾尔自治区地处欧亚大陆腹地，远离海洋。该地区降水稀少，时空分布不均匀。年平均降水量为2 588×108 m3，相当于157.4 mm水深。降水地理分布的特点是：北方降水多于南方；西北降水偏多，东南降水偏少；迎风坡降水多于背风坡降水；山区降水比平原和盆地多。降水纬向垂直分布明显。年降水量变化幅度北方小于南方。90%以上台站的年降水量变化系数在0.2 ~ 0.7之间。从5月到8月是连续降雨较多的时期。降水强度北小南大。高海拔地区的相对强度一般大于低海拔地区。最长的连续旱季在阿勒泰南坡、准噶尔盆地西部和天山西部为3~5个月，在天山北坡为5~7个月，在南部、东部和准噶尔盆地为6~8个月；新疆地区大气降水、河流径流与地表水资源具有良好的相关性。例如，降水量与地表水资源的相关系数为0.8290。全疆地区平均降水流量系数为0.34，降水丰沛的地区大于降水不足的地区。降雨稀少导致该地区生态环境极度脆弱。该地区森林覆盖率仅为1.5%，绿洲总面积不足9%，沙漠总面积为25.7%。降水因子为0.25，是新疆地区生态环境脆弱性评价权重因子中最大的因子。全球气候模式模拟结果表明，未来新疆地区仍将是干旱、半干旱地区。大气降水水资源十分有限，因此依靠降雨来缓解该地区水资源短缺是不现实的。为了经济社会的可持续发展，新疆地区的水资源问题必须通过合理配置和利用水资源，采用各种节水技术，提高公众的节水意识等途径来解决。
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent and away from the sea.Precipitation in the region is scarce and its temporal and spatial temporal distributions are uneven.The mean annual precipitation is 2 588×108 m3,which is equivalent to 157.4 mm water deep.The characteristics of geographical distribution of precipitation are as follows: precipitation in the north is more than that in the south;precipitation in the northwest is more than that in the southeast;precipitation in the windward slopes is more than that in the leeward slopes;precipitation in the mountain areas is more than that in the plains and basins.Zonal vertical distribution of precipitation is obvious.The changing range of annual precipitation in the north is less than that in the south.The coefficients of variation of annual precipitation at more than 90% of the stations are between 0.2 and 0.7.From May to August there is a high consecutive rainfall period.The intensity of precipitation is small in north but great in the south.The relative intensity at higher altitude is generally greater that that in lower altitude.The longest continuous dry season is 3~5 months in the south slopes of Altay Mountains,the mountains west of the Junggar Basin and the western Tianshan Mountains,5~7 months along the north slopes of Tianshan Mountains and 6~8 months in the south region,east region and the Junggar Basin.;The atmospheric precipitation,the river runoff and the surface water resources in Xinjiang Region are related well.For example,the correlation coefficient of precipitation and surface water resources is 0.8290.The flow coefficient of average precipitation is 0.34 in all Xinjiang Region,and the areas with abundant precipitation are larger than those with short precipitation.Sparse rainfall results in extreme vulnerability of the ecological environment in the region.The coverage rate of forest is only 1.5%,the total oasis area is less than 9% and the total desert area is 25.7% in the region.The precipitation factor is 0.25 and is the largest one among the weight factors of vulnerability assessment of ecological environment in Xinjiang Region.;Simulation results of global climate models show that Xinjiang Region will still be arid,semi-arid areas in the future.The water resources of atmospheric precipitation are very limited,so it is unrealistic to rely on rainfall to ease the shortage of water resources in the region.In order to economic and social sustainable development,the problem of water resources of Xinjiang Region must be dealt with by other means,such as rational allocation and utilization of water resources,using various types of water-saving techniques and enhancing the public's awareness of water-saving etc.