Epigenetic Patterns and Geographical Parthenogenesis in the Alpine Plant Species Ranunculus kuepferi (Ranunculaceae)
Epigenetic Patterns and Geographical Parthenogenesis in the Alpine Plant Species Ranunculus kuepferi (Ranunculaceae)
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms21093318
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Christoph C. F. Schinkel;E. Syngelaki;Bernhard Kirchheimer;S. Dullinger;Simone Klatt;E. Hörandl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christoph C. F. Schinkel;E. Syngelaki;Bernhard Kirchheimer;S. Dullinger;Simone Klatt;E. Hörandl
多倍体化和向无融合生殖的转变与DNA胞嘧啶甲基化的变化有关。胞嘧啶甲基化进一步对环境条件敏感。因此，我们假设DNA甲基化模式会在具有地理单性生殖的物种内发生差异，即，二倍体有性和多倍体无融合生殖群体表现出不同的空间分布。在高山植物Ranunculus kuepferi的自然种群中，我们测试了两种细胞型（二倍体，四倍体）和三种繁殖模式（有性，混合，无融合生殖）的甲基化模式的差异，以及它们与环境数据和地理分布的相关性。我们使用甲基化敏感的扩增片段长度多态性（甲基化敏感的AFLP），并取得了三种类型的癫痫。甲基化模式与细胞型与生殖模式之间独立不同，并分离出三个不同的组合组（2x性+混合，4x混合，和4x无融合生殖），与分化的4x无融合生殖在所有epiloci。我们没有发现全球空间自相关，而是在22和36 epiloci的海拔和温度梯度的相关性。结果表明，甲基化模式在R。kuepferi的改变寒冷的条件下，冰后期阿尔卑斯山，并伴随着转变为兼性无融合生殖，并通过多倍化。在最高海拔的专性无融合生殖四倍体建立了一个独特的甲基化谱。甲基化模式反映了生态梯度，而不是地理分化。
Polyploidization and the shift to apomictic reproduction are connected to changes in DNA cytosine-methylation. Cytosine-methylation is further sensitive to environmental conditions. We, therefore, hypothesize that DNA methylation patterns would differentiate within species with geographical parthenogenesis, i.e., when diploid sexual and polyploid apomictic populations exhibit different spatial distributions. On natural populations of the alpine plant Ranunculus kuepferi, we tested differences in methylation patterns across two cytotypes (diploid, tetraploid) and three reproduction modes (sexual, mixed, apomictic), and their correlation to environmental data and geographical distributions. We used methylation-sensitive amplified fragment-length polymorphism (methylation-sensitive AFLPs) and scored three types of epiloci. Methylation patterns differed independently between cytotypes versus modes of reproduction and separated three distinct combined groups (2x sexual + mixed, 4x mixed, and 4x apomictic), with differentiation of 4x apomicts in all epiloci. We found no global spatial autocorrelation, but instead correlations to elevation and temperature gradients in 22 and 36 epiloci, respectively. Results suggest that methylation patterns in R. kuepferi were altered by cold conditions during postglacial recolonization of the Alps, and by the concomitant shift to facultative apomixis, and by polyploidization. Obligate apomictic tetraploids at the highest elevations established a distinct methylation profile. Methylation patterns reflect an ecological gradient rather than the geographical differentiation.