Early Eocene Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Roles of Atmospheric Forcing and Strait Geometry

Early Eocene Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Roles of Atmospheric Forcing and Strait Geometry
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早始新世海洋经向翻转环流:大气强迫和海峡几何的作用

DOI:
10.1029/2021pa004329
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Ladant, Jean‐Baptiste
Ladant, Jean‐Baptiste
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang, Yurui;Boer, Agatha M.;Lunt, Daniel J.;Hutchinson, David K.;Ross, Phoebe;Flierdt, Tina;Sexton, Philip;Coxall, Helen K.;Steinig, Sebastian;Ladant, Jean‐Baptiste

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本文比较了深时模式比对项目(DeepMIP) 8个耦合气候模式模拟的始新世早期(47-56 Ma)海洋翻转环流,并探讨了观测到的模式间传播的原因。这些模拟中最常见的全球经向翻转环流(MOC)特征是由南大洋下沉提供的逆时针底胞。在北太平洋,一个模式(GFDL)显示强深水地层,一个模式(CESM)显示弱深水地层,而在大西洋,两个模式(MIROC和NorESM)显示弱中间水地层的迹象。南大洋深水地层的位置在不同的模型中有所不同,这与南大洋门户模型几何形状的微小差异有关。在全球范围内,对流发生在当地从大气中获得淡水最少的盆地。全球MOC对大气co2浓度从工业前水平的1倍(即280 ppm)到3倍(840 ppm)不敏感。只有两个模型模拟了较高的二氧化碳(即。(CESM和GFDL),而这些材料表现出不同的响应,分别有坍塌和活跃的MOC,可能是由于自旋上条件的差异。将多个模式的结果与深海环流的现有替代数据相结合,强调南半球驱动的强烈翻转最有可能是始新世早期的特征。在北大西洋,与现在不同的是,无论是模型结果还是替代数据都没有表明始新世早期公海中有深水形成,而北太平洋深水形成的证据仍然没有定论。
Here, we compare the ocean overturning circulation of the early Eocene (47–56 Ma) in eight coupled climate model simulations from the Deep‐Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) and investigate the causes of the observed inter‐model spread. The most common global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) feature of these simulations is the anticlockwise bottom cell, fed by sinking in the Southern Ocean. In the North Pacific, one model (GFDL) displays strong deepwater formation and one model (CESM) shows weak deepwater formation, while in the Atlantic two models show signs of weak intermediate water formation (MIROC and NorESM). The location of the Southern Ocean deepwater formation sites varies among models and relates to small differences in model geometry of the Southern Ocean gateways. Globally, convection occurs in the basins with smallest local freshwater gain from the atmosphere. The global MOC is insensitive to atmospheric CO2concentrations from 1× (i.e., 280 ppm) to 3× (840 ppm) pre‐industrial levels. Only two models have simulations with higher CO2(i.e., CESM and GFDL) and these show divergent responses, with a collapsed and active MOC, respectively, possibly due to differences in spin‐up conditions. Combining the multiple model results with available proxy data on abyssal ocean circulation highlights that strong Southern Hemisphere‐driven overturning is the most likely feature of the early Eocene. In the North Atlantic, unlike the present day, neither model results nor proxy data suggest deepwater formation in the open ocean during the early Eocene, while the evidence for deepwater formation in the North Pacific remains inconclusive.
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