Impact of controlled neonicotinoid exposure on bumblebees in a realistic field setting
Impact of controlled neonicotinoid exposure on bumblebees in a realistic field setting
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12792
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Gill, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arce, Andres N.;David, Thomas I.;Gill, Richard J.
农药接触被认为是昆虫传粉媒介减少的一个因素。对于作为重要授粉服务提供者的群居蜜蜂来说，低水平慢性暴露的影响通常是非致命的，这导致研究人员考虑暴露是否会对行为产生亚致命影响，以及这种损害是否会影响蜂群发育。在实验室条件下进行的研究可以控制农药接触的水平，并阐明其原因，但往往被批评为不切实际。相比之下，实地研究可以监测蜜蜂的反应下，一个更现实的农药暴露景观，但通常这样的结果是有限的相关结果，并可能缺乏真正的控制或足够的复制。我们试图弥合这一差距，暴露熊蜂已知数量的杀虫剂时，殖民地被放置在外地。使用20个大黄蜂菌落，我们评估了暴露于类烟碱噻虫胺的后果，在蔗糖中提供的浓度为十亿分之五，超过5周。我们监测觅食模式和花粉收集性能从3282回合使用非侵入性的摄影评估，或通过提取花粉返回觅食。我们还在实验开始和结束时进行了全面的殖民地普查。与对其他类烟碱的研究相反，对觅食行为表现出明显的损害，我们在实验过程中只检测到觅食活动和花粉觅食模式的细微变化。然而，我们的殖民地普查措施显示出更明显的影响，暴露，更少的成年工人和性在处理殖民地后5周。杀虫剂对蜂群发育和觅食造成的损害可能会影响蜜蜂提供的授粉服务。因此，我们的研究结果表明，蜜蜂在暴露于常见农药后，觅食行为发生了微妙的变化，菌落大小减少，这具有重要的意义，并有助于为系统性农药应用于开花作物的益处是否超过成本的辩论提供信息。我们建议，我们的方法是一个重要的进步，以前的半场方法，并应考虑在考虑改进目前的生态毒理学准则农药风险assessment. Pesticid-induced损害的殖民地发展和觅食蜜蜂提供的授粉服务的影响。因此，我们的研究结果表明，蜜蜂在暴露于常见农药后，觅食行为发生了微妙的变化，菌落大小减少，这具有重要的意义，并有助于为系统性农药应用于开花作物的益处是否超过成本的辩论提供信息。我们建议，我们的方法是一个重要的进步，以前的半场方法，并应考虑在考虑改进目前的生态毒理学农药风险评估准则。
Pesticide exposure has been implicated as a contributor to insect pollinator declines. In social bees, which are crucial pollination service providers, the effect of low-level chronic exposure is typically non-lethal leading researchers to consider whether exposure induces sublethal effects on behaviour and whether such impairment can affect colony development. Studies under laboratory conditions can control levels of pesticide exposure and elucidate causative effects, but are often criticized for being unrealistic. In contrast, field studies can monitor bee responses under a more realistic pesticide exposure landscape; yet typically such findings are limited to correlative results and can lack true controls or sufficient replication. We attempt to bridge this gap by exposing bumblebees to known amounts of pesticides when colonies are placed in the field. Using 20 bumblebee colonies, we assess the consequences of exposure to the neonicotinoid clothianidin, provided in sucrose at a concentration of five parts per billion, over 5weeks. We monitored foraging patterns and pollen collecting performance from 3282 bouts using either a non-invasive photographic assessment, or by extracting the pollen from returning foragers. We also conducted a full colony census at the beginning and end of the experiment. In contrast to studies on other neonicotinoids, showing clear impairment to foraging behaviours, we detected only subtle changes to patterns of foraging activity and pollen foraging during the course of the experiment. However, our colony census measures showed a more pronounced effect of exposure, with fewer adult workers and sexuals in treated colonies after 5weeks.Synthesis and applications. Pesticide-induced impairments on colony development and foraging could impact on the pollination service that bees provide. Therefore, our findings, that bees show subtle changes in foraging behaviour and reductions in colony size after exposure to a common pesticide, have important implications and help to inform the debate over whether the benefits of systemic pesticide application to flowering crops outweigh the costs. We propose that our methodology is an important advance to previous semi-field methods and should be considered when considering improvements to current ecotoxicological guidelines for pesticide risk assessment.Pesticide-induced impairments on colony development and foraging could impact on the pollination service that bees provide. Therefore, our findings, that bees show subtle changes in foraging behaviour and reductions in colony size after exposure to a common pesticide, have important implications and help to inform the debate over whether the benefits of systemic pesticide application to flowering crops outweigh the costs. We propose that our methodology is an important advance to previous semi-field methods and should be considered when considering improvements to current ecotoxicological guidelines for pesticide risk assessment.