The Neonatal Immune System and Respiratory Pathogens.

The Neonatal Immune System and Respiratory Pathogens.
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DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms11061597
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发表时间:
2023-06-16
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Harvill ET
Harvill ET
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sedney CJ;Harvill ET

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新生儿更容易感染某些病原体,特别是那些引起呼吸道感染的病原体。这通常归因于不完全发育的免疫系统,但最近的研究表明,新生儿对某些感染有有效的免疫反应。新出现的观点是,新生儿具有明显不同的免疫反应,可以很好地适应从相对无菌的子宫过渡到微生物丰富的世界的独特免疫挑战,倾向于抑制潜在的危险炎症反应。有问题的是,很少有动物模型允许在这个关键的过渡时期对各种免疫功能的作用和影响进行机制检查。这限制了我们对新生儿免疫的理解,因此限制了我们合理设计和开发疫苗和治疗方法以最好地保护新生儿的能力。这篇综述总结了新生儿免疫系统的已知情况,重点是对呼吸道病原体的保护,并描述了各种动物模型的挑战。强调小鼠模型的最新进展,我们确定了需要解决的知识差距。
Neonates are more susceptible to some pathogens, particularly those that cause infection in the respiratory tract. This is often attributed to an incompletely developed immune system, but recent work demonstrates effective neonatal immune responses to some infection. The emerging view is that neonates have a distinctly different immune response that is well-adapted to deal with unique immunological challenges of the transition from a relatively sterile uterus to a microbe-rich world, tending to suppress potentially dangerous inflammatory responses. Problematically, few animal models allow a mechanistic examination of the roles and effects of various immune functions in this critical transition period. This limits our understanding of neonatal immunity, and therefore our ability to rationally design and develop vaccines and therapeutics to best protect newborns. This review summarizes what is known of the neonatal immune system, focusing on protection against respiratory pathogens and describes challenges of various animal models. Highlighting recent advances in the mouse model, we identify knowledge gaps to be addressed.
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